Neuro Book Flashcards
**understand the different types of seizures
what nursing interventions should be done
partial/focal: one hem, aura, unprovoked, sudden
generalized: both hem, tonic clonic, postictal
febrile: generalized
- simple: one less than 15 min and no reoccurrences
- complex more than 15 min and reoccur
status epi: +30 min slides/15 min book, or intermittent with no recovery
left side lying
maintain air way
jaw thrust
O2
nothing in mouth
clear space
remove restrictive clothing
**what are febrile seizures and why do they occur
seizure with fever over 101/38.3
due to immature neuro system
6mo-5 years
**understand viral and bacterial meningitis, what is the treatment for each what are symptoms (pay attention to age)
bacterial: more dangerous, abx and dexmethosone, decrease CSF gluc
- infants: hypothermia, change in feeding, bulging or flat fontanelle, V/D
- older: fever, muscle pain, photophobia, nuchal rigidity
viral: supportive, norm CSF gluc
- abrupt onset of fever, menegial signs, malaise, V/D, upper resp s/s
**understand how to conduct kerning and brudzinski assessment
kerning is brining knee up
brud is brining the neck down and knees bend up
**what is hydrocehlapus and how is it treated
imbalance between CSF produced and absorbed
TX: shunt
s/s infant
- increase head circ
s/s older
- increase ICP
** what is a VP shunt, how do we know if the shunt is working vs malfunctioning
passes CSF to perinetional area, r atria, pleural space, or subgaleal space
infant s/s
- nonspecific, irritability, vomiting, decrease appetite, change in sleep
older s/s
- N/V, HA, decrease loc
**s/s of increase ICP
early:
diplopia
sunset eyes
N/V
pupils not reactive
change in LOC
restless
late
Cushing
seizures
fixed and dilated
** spina bifida
meningocele
myelomeningocele
spina bifida: defect in 1 or more vertebrae that allows spinal cord contents to protrude
meningocele: protrusion of meningeal sac filled with CSF through a vertebral defect
myelomeningocele: malformation of spinal cord and canal
**understand how a child with CP might present, what are goals of treatment
motor, hearing, vision, communication, perceptions, cognitive, or behavioral prob
provide adequate nutrition, maintain skin integrity and promote physical mobility/saftey/growth and dev
when does the neural tube develop
4th week
suture lines between skull interlock by
6 mo
when are suture lines ossified
12 year old
a full term infant has what nervous system
immature
myelination progresses and that leads to
newborn reflexes disappear
- cephalocaudal direction
lumbar puncture should be postponed for any signs of
herniation/ increase ICP
with viral why do we want to use nonasprin
reye syndrome
neonatal seizures apperence
subtule with roving eye movement, receptive blinking, sucking, lip smacking, tongue thrusting, swimming movement with arms
bacterial men is comfy in what position
opisthonic
why should pts with a shunt be careful of MRI
could lead to pressure issues of the shunt
when is new shunt replaced after shunt infection
when CSF culture is sterile
when can fetal surgery be performed for neural tube issues
26
CP spastic
majority of cases
increase muscle tone, contractures, increase DTR, clonus, persistent newborn reflexes
CP dyskinetic ~ Athetosis
abnormal musc tone, difficulty with fine motor, tremors
CP dyskinetic ~ dystonia
muscle contraction, posturing, twitching, rigid when awake and normal to decrease when asleep
CP ataxic
abnormal volume, wide gait, Dif maintaining posture, increase or decrease in tone, difficulty controlling hand and arm during reaching
CP diet
increase cal and soft foods due to aspiration, increase fluids, and fiber
