Immunizations/Communicable Diseases PowerPoint Flashcards
3 things for an infection
agent
transport
susceptible host
why are children and infants at high risk for infections
lack of immune system or immature ones
maternal antibodies passed via placental or breast milk
passive immunity
children and infants rely on what type of immunity after the passive immunity procession has worn off
active immunity
herd immunity
resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease
herd immunity percent
80
when does passive immunity go away
2-3 mo
mother to child through placenta or milk
natural passive
occurs when lymphocytes are activated by antigens during infection
natural active
dead or attenuated vaccines
article active
provides instant but temporary response (antibodies are not body own is no memory is created) often used to prevent very deadly diseases
EX: tents, antitoxins, antivenom, IgG
artificial passive
is passive permeant
no
the microorganism is killed but will still produce an immune response
EX: poliovirus
inactivated
the microorganism is still alive but weakened
EX: measles, influenza
live attenuated
a toxin has been weakened but still has an effect antigen
EX: tetus, diphtheria
toxoid
genetically altered organism that is used in a vaccine and will still stimulate active immunity
EX: pertussis, HPV, hepatitis B, covid
recombinant
an alerted organism is combined with another substance to increase immune response
EX: HiB
conjugated
why do vaccines start at 2 mo
that is when passive immunity goes away
common local reactions
erythema pain and induration at the injection site
common systemic reactions
fever fussiness irritability general malaise and anorexia
mild allergic reaction
mins to hours after
rash, urticarial, wheals
observation and Benadryl
severe allergic reaction
2-8 hours after
warmth, erythema, edema, petechial, or ulceration
what must we do if there is an allergic reaction
document and report to company
why might kids have an allergic reaction
allergic to the component like eggs or gelatin
contraindications to vaccine administration
history of anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine or one of its components
moderate to severe acute illness
- can be administered with mild illness*
pregnancy or allergy to some components for specific vaccines
immunocompromised
- chemo, HIV, recovery from surgery
what vaccines can a pregnant woman not get
HPV, varicella, polio, hep A
what is included in documentation
vaccine information sheet be provided
informed consent before administration
date of administration
manufacture
lot number and expiration date
site and route
name and title of person administering
address of facility
where do we give baby vaccine
vastus lateralis
where would be give 12 year old
deltoid
what should we check before administration
not expired and it was stored via manufacture guidelines
direct transmission
person to person
indirect transmission
fomite
vector
not person to person
why do we immunization for chicken pox
response is immature
why do we not give something for measles fever
low grade is good to help kill toxins
- fever decrease zinc which bacteria and virus love
spinal fluid with bacteria
increase protein and decrease glucose
spinal fluid with virus
normal protein and glucose
rash appears in 3 stages
stage 1 is erythema on face chiefly on the cheeks
5th disease
begins as macular rash, rapidly progressing to papule rash and then to vesicles, eventually breaking and forming crusts
chicek. pox
cough occurs at night, inspiration sound like crowing
pertussis
