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Pediatrics > Cancer PowerPoint > Flashcards

Cancer PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

what influences the survival rate for cancer

A

type and what stage when found

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2
Q

most common cancer for less than 5

A

acute leukemia 35%
brain and CNS 17

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3
Q

what is the most common cancer for 5-9

A

acute leukemia 32%
brain and CNS 28
lymphoma 12

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4
Q

most common cancer for 10-14 years old

A

acute lukemia
Brian and CNS 21
lymphoma 21

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5
Q

most common cancer for 15-19

A

lymphoma 26
carcinoma 21
acute lukemia 11

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6
Q

what age does sarcoma become present

A

15-19
8%

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7
Q

adults vs children cause of cancer

A

adults is environmental
children is genetic

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8
Q

side effect of treatment for cancer

A

secondary cancer which is more dangerous

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9
Q

Down syndrome increases risk for what cancer

A

leukemia transient type

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10
Q

immunodeficiency more likely to develop what cancer

A

lymphoma

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11
Q

t/f lifestyle factors are not the cause for childhood cancer

A

true

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12
Q

common manifestations of cancer

A

pain
cachexia
anemia
infections
- febrile neutropenia
brusing and petechiae
neurlogic symptoms
palpable mass

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13
Q

where to do bone marrow aspiration

A

hip

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14
Q

what is the diagnostic value for bone marrow aspiration

A

greater than 25% cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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15
Q

what is the diagnostic value for lumbar puncture

A

presence of malignant cells

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16
Q

ANC what its it

A

ratio of % of segmental neutrophils plus percent of bands times WBC count and then divide by 100

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17
Q

diagnostic ANC

A

less than 1000

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18
Q

ANC of less than 1000 equals

A

risk for infection

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19
Q

what is the most common malignancy under 14

A

leukemia

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20
Q

gender and race of highest risk for leukemia

A

white boys

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21
Q

peak age for leukemia

A

2-3

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22
Q

two types of leukemia

A

ALL - most common
AML

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23
Q

symptoms of leukemia

A

fever
bleeding (petechiae and purple)
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly

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24
Q

who will have more sequella after treatment ALL or AML

A

AML = more sequels

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25
Q

what happens in leukemia

A

proliferation of abonormal white blood cells and then the WBC are immature and then fill the bone marrow which do not work properly and and are more susceptible to diseaseh

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26
Q

how to diagnose leukemia

A

blood counts
bone marrow biopsy/apsiration
lumbar puncture

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27
Q

bone marrow aspiration on leukemia reveals

A

abonormal lymphoblasts

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28
Q

what is a key aspect to treatment for leukemia

A

B cell or T cell

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29
Q

what do you have to use if there is testicualr radiaton and what does that lead to

A

radiation and seterlity

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30
Q

what provides insight to overall prognosis for leukemia

A

number of WBC at time of diagnosis

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31
Q

what is the relationship between WBC count and prognosis in leukemia

A

higher WBC poorer prognosis

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32
Q

what are the four phases of chemo

A

induction
consolidation
delayed intensification
maintenance
- expose the area really hit hard (consolidation) and then delayed intensitifcaiton watch hw it is growing vs how much drug we are using give just enough drug to decrease the growth percentages, maintenance is to keep it low

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33
Q

treatment duration for leukemia

A

very long >2 years girls and >3 years boys
- due to the child growing rapidly like the tumor

34
Q

brain and central nervous system are the most common ______ tumors in children

A

solid

35
Q

since brain tumors are solid what does that mean for treatment

A

can be removed or debulked which means not removing all of it

36
Q

most common types of Brian tumors

A

medulloblastoma
and cerebral astrocymoma

37
Q

how will brain tumors present

A

behavioral or neurological symptoms

38
Q

common symptoms of brain tumors

A

morning headache
N/V
abnormal gait
vision changes
fatigue

39
Q

treatment fr brain tumors depends on

A

type and location

40
Q

common treatment for brain tumors

A

surgery
radiation
low does chemo

41
Q

complications of brain tumor treatment

A

seizure
infection
hydrocephalus
impaired cognitive and behavioral function

42
Q

wilms tumor location

A

normally on the right side

43
Q

where is wills tumor

A

infrarenal

44
Q

is wilms tumor normall unilateral or bilateral

A

unilateral

45
Q

wilms tumor have high association with

A

beckwith-weedelman syndrome

46
Q

is wilms tumor associated with congenital abonomalites

A

yes

47
Q

do you palpate the wilms tumor

A

NO
- artery and cancer cells can migrate

48
Q

how fast do wilms tumor grow

A

very fast

49
Q

kidney function

A

erythropotein
filter toxins
acid base balance
electrolyte
hypertension
hypotension : bleed

50
Q

age for wilms tumor

A

2-3 years

51
Q

s/s of wilms tumor

A

large tumor normally found on bath
hypertension
hematuria
pain

52
Q

how is wilms tumor diagnosed

A

ultrasound

53
Q

treatment of wilms tumor

A

chemo
SURGERY - remove kidney
radiation

54
Q

complications of wilms tumor

A

liver damagage
portal hypertension
cirrohos
glomerular damage to remaining kidney

55
Q

when is the peak indicende for osteosarcoma

A

times of rapid growth 13 years for girls and 14 years for boys

56
Q

where is osteosarcoma usually found

A

distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus

57
Q

what is the classic sign of osteosarcoma

A

starburst or sunburst on imaging

58
Q

symptoms of osteosarcoma

A

pain, swelling, limp
- pain can be referred to back or hip

59
Q

osteosarcoma patients have high risk for what metastasis

A

lung

60
Q

determine how much and type of chemo based on

A

where the cancer is and how fast its spreading
- very individualized

61
Q

diagnosis of osteosarcoma

A

bone scan, CT, MRI

62
Q

treatment of osteosarcoma

A

limb salvage
amputation
chemo

63
Q

oncologic emergecines

A

fever and neutropenia
hyperluekocytosis
tumor lysis syndrome

64
Q

common hematologic side effects of radiaiton

A

neutropenia

65
Q

fever and neutropenic emergency

A

possible infection
- CBC, culture

66
Q

do we Cath fever and neutropenic

A

no cause its indrocusing

67
Q

what is the immediate treatment for fever and neutropenic

A

broad spectrum

68
Q

why is fever and neutropenic important for staffing

A

do not pair with anyone who has bacterial and viral infection

69
Q

neutropenic precautions

A

no honey, fresh fruit, flowers, we gown and glove and mask

70
Q

hyperleukocytosis is WBC greater than

A

100

71
Q

hyperleukocytosis worst prognosis

A

higher WBC

72
Q

tumor less syndrome

A

metabolic derangement from rapid spontaneous or treatment related death of tumor cells

73
Q

changes in labs for tumor lysis syndrome

A

rise in serum potassium, phos, uric acid

74
Q

who is greatest risk for tumor lysis

A

big tumor = big risk

75
Q

most common complaint

A

mucosal ulceration

76
Q

interventions for mucosal alterations

A

no alcohol in mouth wash
numbing before eating
no NSAID
no rectal temp !!
maybe no tooth brush but if do then soft bristles
- want to clean cause plaque can lead to bleeding

77
Q

side effect of steroids

A

hyperglycemia
hypertension
moon face, depression, edema, mood swings, inability to fight infeciton

78
Q

vaccine given __ weeks before chemo should be considered inactivated

A

2

79
Q

when can chemo kid receive live virus vaccines

A

3 months after chemo stopped and discussed with oncologist

80
Q

how will sibling feel

A

ignored

81
Q
A

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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