Cancer PowerPoint Flashcards
what influences the survival rate for cancer
type and what stage when found
most common cancer for less than 5
acute leukemia 35%
brain and CNS 17
what is the most common cancer for 5-9
acute leukemia 32%
brain and CNS 28
lymphoma 12
most common cancer for 10-14 years old
acute lukemia
Brian and CNS 21
lymphoma 21
most common cancer for 15-19
lymphoma 26
carcinoma 21
acute lukemia 11
what age does sarcoma become present
15-19
8%
adults vs children cause of cancer
adults is environmental
children is genetic
side effect of treatment for cancer
secondary cancer which is more dangerous
Down syndrome increases risk for what cancer
leukemia transient type
immunodeficiency more likely to develop what cancer
lymphoma
t/f lifestyle factors are not the cause for childhood cancer
true
common manifestations of cancer
pain
cachexia
anemia
infections
- febrile neutropenia
brusing and petechiae
neurlogic symptoms
palpable mass
where to do bone marrow aspiration
hip
what is the diagnostic value for bone marrow aspiration
greater than 25% cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
what is the diagnostic value for lumbar puncture
presence of malignant cells
ANC what its it
ratio of % of segmental neutrophils plus percent of bands times WBC count and then divide by 100
diagnostic ANC
less than 1000
ANC of less than 1000 equals
risk for infection
what is the most common malignancy under 14
leukemia
gender and race of highest risk for leukemia
white boys
peak age for leukemia
2-3
two types of leukemia
ALL - most common
AML
symptoms of leukemia
fever
bleeding (petechiae and purple)
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
who will have more sequella after treatment ALL or AML
AML = more sequels
what happens in leukemia
proliferation of abonormal white blood cells and then the WBC are immature and then fill the bone marrow which do not work properly and and are more susceptible to diseaseh
how to diagnose leukemia
blood counts
bone marrow biopsy/apsiration
lumbar puncture
bone marrow aspiration on leukemia reveals
abonormal lymphoblasts
what is a key aspect to treatment for leukemia
B cell or T cell
what do you have to use if there is testicualr radiaton and what does that lead to
radiation and seterlity
what provides insight to overall prognosis for leukemia
number of WBC at time of diagnosis
what is the relationship between WBC count and prognosis in leukemia
higher WBC poorer prognosis
what are the four phases of chemo
induction
consolidation
delayed intensification
maintenance
- expose the area really hit hard (consolidation) and then delayed intensitifcaiton watch hw it is growing vs how much drug we are using give just enough drug to decrease the growth percentages, maintenance is to keep it low
treatment duration for leukemia
very long >2 years girls and >3 years boys
- due to the child growing rapidly like the tumor
brain and central nervous system are the most common ______ tumors in children
solid
since brain tumors are solid what does that mean for treatment
can be removed or debulked which means not removing all of it
most common types of Brian tumors
medulloblastoma
and cerebral astrocymoma
how will brain tumors present
behavioral or neurological symptoms
common symptoms of brain tumors
morning headache
N/V
abnormal gait
vision changes
fatigue
treatment fr brain tumors depends on
type and location
common treatment for brain tumors
surgery
radiation
low does chemo
complications of brain tumor treatment
seizure
infection
hydrocephalus
impaired cognitive and behavioral function
wilms tumor location
normally on the right side
where is wills tumor
infrarenal
is wilms tumor normall unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
wilms tumor have high association with
beckwith-weedelman syndrome
is wilms tumor associated with congenital abonomalites
yes
do you palpate the wilms tumor
NO
- artery and cancer cells can migrate
how fast do wilms tumor grow
very fast
kidney function
erythropotein
filter toxins
acid base balance
electrolyte
hypertension
hypotension : bleed
age for wilms tumor
2-3 years
s/s of wilms tumor
large tumor normally found on bath
hypertension
hematuria
pain
how is wilms tumor diagnosed
ultrasound
treatment of wilms tumor
chemo
SURGERY - remove kidney
radiation
complications of wilms tumor
liver damagage
portal hypertension
cirrohos
glomerular damage to remaining kidney
when is the peak indicende for osteosarcoma
times of rapid growth 13 years for girls and 14 years for boys
where is osteosarcoma usually found
distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
what is the classic sign of osteosarcoma
starburst or sunburst on imaging
symptoms of osteosarcoma
pain, swelling, limp
- pain can be referred to back or hip
osteosarcoma patients have high risk for what metastasis
lung
determine how much and type of chemo based on
where the cancer is and how fast its spreading
- very individualized
diagnosis of osteosarcoma
bone scan, CT, MRI
treatment of osteosarcoma
limb salvage
amputation
chemo
oncologic emergecines
fever and neutropenia
hyperluekocytosis
tumor lysis syndrome
common hematologic side effects of radiaiton
neutropenia
fever and neutropenic emergency
possible infection
- CBC, culture
do we Cath fever and neutropenic
no cause its indrocusing
what is the immediate treatment for fever and neutropenic
broad spectrum
why is fever and neutropenic important for staffing
do not pair with anyone who has bacterial and viral infection
neutropenic precautions
no honey, fresh fruit, flowers, we gown and glove and mask
hyperleukocytosis is WBC greater than
100
hyperleukocytosis worst prognosis
higher WBC
tumor less syndrome
metabolic derangement from rapid spontaneous or treatment related death of tumor cells
changes in labs for tumor lysis syndrome
rise in serum potassium, phos, uric acid
who is greatest risk for tumor lysis
big tumor = big risk
most common complaint
mucosal ulceration
interventions for mucosal alterations
no alcohol in mouth wash
numbing before eating
no NSAID
no rectal temp !!
maybe no tooth brush but if do then soft bristles
- want to clean cause plaque can lead to bleeding
side effect of steroids
hyperglycemia
hypertension
moon face, depression, edema, mood swings, inability to fight infeciton
vaccine given __ weeks before chemo should be considered inactivated
2
when can chemo kid receive live virus vaccines
3 months after chemo stopped and discussed with oncologist
how will sibling feel
ignored
