Musculoskeletal Book Flashcards

1
Q

**know pediatric fracture considerations, what do we care about in kids vs adults

A

growth may be impacted, healing faster but may outgrow brace or cast, ossification is complete by 20

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2
Q

**salter Harris fracture classification, what is the 5 stages

A

involing the epiphyseal
1. growth plate undisturbed
2. most common, growth disturb rare
3. serious threat to growth and joint
4. serious threat to growth
5. crush, arrested growth
SALTR

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3
Q

**what are the 5 P’s of fracture presentation

A

pain, paraesthesia, pulses, pallor, paralysis

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4
Q

** fracture assessment and care along with nursing considerations

A

neurovascular: pulses, cap refil, sensation, color, warmth
unrelenting pain

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5
Q

**what should we be teaching families about cast care

A

don’t put anything down, plaster takes 2 days to dry so handle with palms, keep dry, if wet try to towel dry and maybe hair dryer on cool, neurovascualr, unrelenting pain, check for any skin irritation or hot spots

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6
Q

**what is scoliosis, when do we screen, what things do we look for when screening? how is it managed, what nursing considerations do we worry about?

A

S or C like curve greater than 10 degrees
becomes notable after preadolescents growth spurt
lateral curve, axial rotation, skeletal maturity
mild: stretch and strengthen
mod: brace
severe: surgery and brace
body image, post op: pain and immobility

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7
Q

what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms

A

head of femur separates from the epiphysis and slips backwards with partial or complete dislocation
prepubertal growth spurt (B12-15, G 10-13)
s/s acute or chronic hip, thigh, or knee pain, limited internal rotation, obligated external rotation of hip, out toe ing

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8
Q

**what is Legg Calves Perthes disease, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms

A

paroximal femoral epiphysis has a temporary interruption in blood supply, 4-8 year old
pain in hip, leg length discrepancy, limp, internal rotation, abduction of affected limb

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9
Q

what is the most common congenital foot deformity

A

metatarsus adductus

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10
Q

what is metatarsus adducts

A

inward turning of forefoot at tarsometal joints
intoeing

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11
Q

what is club foot

A

congenital abnormality of which the foot is twisted out of normal position

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12
Q

what is involved in club foot

A

muscles, tendon, and bones

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13
Q

treatment for club foot

A

serial casting

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14
Q

what is the most serious complication of a cast

A

obstruction to normal blood flow and nerve innervation

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15
Q

what is developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

variety of conditions in which the femoral head and acetabulum are inproperly aligned

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16
Q

s/s of hip dysplasia

A

limited abduction
asymmetry of gluteal and thigh folds
Allis sign: one knee lower when flexed
positive ortalani and barlow

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17
Q

ortalani and barlow

A

“hip click”

Barlow: is bring hips together and up to the abdomen
ortalani: flare out the hips

18
Q

if the child is less than 3 mo how do we treat hip dysplasia

A

pavlik harness

19
Q

how do we treat hip dysplasia greater than 6 mo

A

surgery with closed reduction

20
Q

what is perthes disease

A

avascualr necrosis of the femoral head
self limited

21
Q

perthes disease s/s

A

mild pain in hip or anterior thigh
limp
increase in pain with muscle spasm

22
Q

treatment of perthes

A

femoral head remain in socket until ossification is complete
- abducted

23
Q

what are some activities good for perthes

A

horseback - abducted
swimming - mobility
hand crafts - fine motor
computer - stimulate cog development

24
Q

what is slipped cap femoral epiphysis

A

occurs when the femoral head is displaced from femoral neck

25
Q

s/s of SCFE

A

limp
knee, thigh, groin, hip pain
loss of hip motion
out toe ing
external rotation with flexion

26
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral S or C shaped curvature
rotational deformity of spine and ribs
>10 degrees

27
Q

s/s of scoliosis

A

truncal assymtery
uneven shoulder and hip height
one sided rib hump
prominent scapula

28
Q

treatment of mild scolisoss

A

stretch and strength

29
Q

treatment of mod scoliosis

A

Boston brace

30
Q

treatment of severe scoliosis

A

spinal fusion

31
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone

32
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

S aures

33
Q

s/s of osteomyelitis

A

pain and tenderness with swelling
decreased mobility
fever
redness
rapid onset

34
Q

treatment of osteomyletis

A

IV broad spectrum antibiotics
- 3-6 weeks

35
Q

what is a fracture

A

break in a bone that occurs when more stress is placed on the bone than the bone can withstand

36
Q

s/s of fracture

A

pain
abnormal positioning
edema
immobility
decrease ROM
ecchymosis
guarding
crepitus

37
Q

treatment for closed

A

manual reduction

38
Q

treatment for open

A

surgical reduction

39
Q

what to frequently asses with fracture

A

neurovasc

40
Q
A