Musculoskeletal Book Flashcards

1
Q

**know pediatric fracture considerations, what do we care about in kids vs adults

A

growth may be impacted, healing faster but may outgrow brace or cast, ossification is complete by 20

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2
Q

**salter Harris fracture classification, what is the 5 stages

A

involing the epiphyseal
1. growth plate undisturbed
2. most common, growth disturb rare
3. serious threat to growth and joint
4. serious threat to growth
5. crush, arrested growth
SALTR

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3
Q

**what are the 5 P’s of fracture presentation

A

pain, paraesthesia, pulses, pallor, paralysis

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4
Q

** fracture assessment and care along with nursing considerations

A

neurovascular: pulses, cap refil, sensation, color, warmth
unrelenting pain

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5
Q

**what should we be teaching families about cast care

A

don’t put anything down, plaster takes 2 days to dry so handle with palms, keep dry, if wet try to towel dry and maybe hair dryer on cool, neurovascualr, unrelenting pain, check for any skin irritation or hot spots

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6
Q

**what is scoliosis, when do we screen, what things do we look for when screening? how is it managed, what nursing considerations do we worry about?

A

S or C like curve greater than 10 degrees
becomes notable after preadolescents growth spurt
lateral curve, axial rotation, skeletal maturity
mild: stretch and strengthen
mod: brace
severe: surgery and brace
body image, post op: pain and immobility

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7
Q

what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms

A

head of femur separates from the epiphysis and slips backwards with partial or complete dislocation
prepubertal growth spurt (B12-15, G 10-13)
s/s acute or chronic hip, thigh, or knee pain, limited internal rotation, obligated external rotation of hip, out toe ing

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8
Q

**what is Legg Calves Perthes disease, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms

A

paroximal femoral epiphysis has a temporary interruption in blood supply, 4-8 year old
pain in hip, leg length discrepancy, limp, internal rotation, abduction of affected limb

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9
Q

what is the most common congenital foot deformity

A

metatarsus adductus

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10
Q

what is metatarsus adducts

A

inward turning of forefoot at tarsometal joints
intoeing

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11
Q

what is club foot

A

congenital abnormality of which the foot is twisted out of normal position

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12
Q

what is involved in club foot

A

muscles, tendon, and bones

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13
Q

treatment for club foot

A

serial casting

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14
Q

what is the most serious complication of a cast

A

obstruction to normal blood flow and nerve innervation

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15
Q

what is developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

variety of conditions in which the femoral head and acetabulum are inproperly aligned

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16
Q

s/s of hip dysplasia

A

limited abduction
asymmetry of gluteal and thigh folds
Allis sign: one knee lower when flexed
positive ortalani and barlow

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17
Q

ortalani and barlow

A

“hip click”

Barlow: is bring hips together and up to the abdomen
ortalani: flare out the hips

18
Q

if the child is less than 3 mo how do we treat hip dysplasia

A

pavlik harness

19
Q

how do we treat hip dysplasia greater than 6 mo

A

surgery with closed reduction

20
Q

what is perthes disease

A

avascualr necrosis of the femoral head
self limited

21
Q

perthes disease s/s

A

mild pain in hip or anterior thigh
limp
increase in pain with muscle spasm

22
Q

treatment of perthes

A

femoral head remain in socket until ossification is complete
- abducted

23
Q

what are some activities good for perthes

A

horseback - abducted
swimming - mobility
hand crafts - fine motor
computer - stimulate cog development

24
Q

what is slipped cap femoral epiphysis

A

occurs when the femoral head is displaced from femoral neck

25
s/s of SCFE
limp knee, thigh, groin, hip pain loss of hip motion out toe ing external rotation with flexion
26
what is scoliosis
lateral S or C shaped curvature rotational deformity of spine and ribs >10 degrees
27
s/s of scoliosis
truncal assymtery uneven shoulder and hip height one sided rib hump prominent scapula
28
treatment of mild scolisoss
stretch and strength
29
treatment of mod scoliosis
Boston brace
30
treatment of severe scoliosis
spinal fusion
31
what is osteomyelitis
infection of the bone
32
most common cause of osteomyelitis
S aures
33
s/s of osteomyelitis
pain and tenderness with swelling decreased mobility fever redness rapid onset
34
treatment of osteomyletis
IV broad spectrum antibiotics - 3-6 weeks
35
what is a fracture
break in a bone that occurs when more stress is placed on the bone than the bone can withstand
36
s/s of fracture
pain abnormal positioning edema immobility decrease ROM ecchymosis guarding crepitus
37
treatment for closed
manual reduction
38
treatment for open
surgical reduction
39
what to frequently asses with fracture
neurovasc
40