Musculoskeletal Book Flashcards
**know pediatric fracture considerations, what do we care about in kids vs adults
growth may be impacted, healing faster but may outgrow brace or cast, ossification is complete by 20
**salter Harris fracture classification, what is the 5 stages
involing the epiphyseal
1. growth plate undisturbed
2. most common, growth disturb rare
3. serious threat to growth and joint
4. serious threat to growth
5. crush, arrested growth
SALTR
**what are the 5 P’s of fracture presentation
pain, paraesthesia, pulses, pallor, paralysis
** fracture assessment and care along with nursing considerations
neurovascular: pulses, cap refil, sensation, color, warmth
unrelenting pain
**what should we be teaching families about cast care
don’t put anything down, plaster takes 2 days to dry so handle with palms, keep dry, if wet try to towel dry and maybe hair dryer on cool, neurovascualr, unrelenting pain, check for any skin irritation or hot spots
**what is scoliosis, when do we screen, what things do we look for when screening? how is it managed, what nursing considerations do we worry about?
S or C like curve greater than 10 degrees
becomes notable after preadolescents growth spurt
lateral curve, axial rotation, skeletal maturity
mild: stretch and strengthen
mod: brace
severe: surgery and brace
body image, post op: pain and immobility
what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms
head of femur separates from the epiphysis and slips backwards with partial or complete dislocation
prepubertal growth spurt (B12-15, G 10-13)
s/s acute or chronic hip, thigh, or knee pain, limited internal rotation, obligated external rotation of hip, out toe ing
**what is Legg Calves Perthes disease, what age group is it common in, what are the signs and symptoms
paroximal femoral epiphysis has a temporary interruption in blood supply, 4-8 year old
pain in hip, leg length discrepancy, limp, internal rotation, abduction of affected limb
what is the most common congenital foot deformity
metatarsus adductus
what is metatarsus adducts
inward turning of forefoot at tarsometal joints
intoeing
what is club foot
congenital abnormality of which the foot is twisted out of normal position
what is involved in club foot
muscles, tendon, and bones
treatment for club foot
serial casting
what is the most serious complication of a cast
obstruction to normal blood flow and nerve innervation
what is developmental dysplasia of the hip
variety of conditions in which the femoral head and acetabulum are inproperly aligned
s/s of hip dysplasia
limited abduction
asymmetry of gluteal and thigh folds
Allis sign: one knee lower when flexed
positive ortalani and barlow
ortalani and barlow
“hip click”
Barlow: is bring hips together and up to the abdomen
ortalani: flare out the hips
if the child is less than 3 mo how do we treat hip dysplasia
pavlik harness
how do we treat hip dysplasia greater than 6 mo
surgery with closed reduction
what is perthes disease
avascualr necrosis of the femoral head
self limited
perthes disease s/s
mild pain in hip or anterior thigh
limp
increase in pain with muscle spasm
treatment of perthes
femoral head remain in socket until ossification is complete
- abducted
what are some activities good for perthes
horseback - abducted
swimming - mobility
hand crafts - fine motor
computer - stimulate cog development
what is slipped cap femoral epiphysis
occurs when the femoral head is displaced from femoral neck
s/s of SCFE
limp
knee, thigh, groin, hip pain
loss of hip motion
out toe ing
external rotation with flexion
what is scoliosis
lateral S or C shaped curvature
rotational deformity of spine and ribs
>10 degrees
s/s of scoliosis
truncal assymtery
uneven shoulder and hip height
one sided rib hump
prominent scapula
treatment of mild scolisoss
stretch and strength
treatment of mod scoliosis
Boston brace
treatment of severe scoliosis
spinal fusion
what is osteomyelitis
infection of the bone
most common cause of osteomyelitis
S aures
s/s of osteomyelitis
pain and tenderness with swelling
decreased mobility
fever
redness
rapid onset
treatment of osteomyletis
IV broad spectrum antibiotics
- 3-6 weeks
what is a fracture
break in a bone that occurs when more stress is placed on the bone than the bone can withstand
s/s of fracture
pain
abnormal positioning
edema
immobility
decrease ROM
ecchymosis
guarding
crepitus
treatment for closed
manual reduction
treatment for open
surgical reduction
what to frequently asses with fracture
neurovasc
