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Pediatrics > Nutrition PowerPoint > Flashcards

Nutrition PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

brain runs on

A

glucose

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2
Q

who has the highest nutritional needs

A

preterm infants

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3
Q

what is the calorie intake for preterm infant

A

160mL/kg/day

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4
Q

why do preterm infants have eating disroders

A

suck swallow breath is not functioning

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5
Q

why do infants and preterm infants have high risk for dehydration

A

increased surface area to mass ratio and decrease renal absorption capcacity

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6
Q

maco

A

protien
carb
fat

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7
Q

micro

A

vits and minerals

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8
Q

fat soluble vit

A

A, D, E, K

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9
Q

term infant fluid requirement and calorie intake

A

140-160mL/kg/day
100-115cal/kg/day

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10
Q

infants receive what percent from fat

A

50%

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11
Q

why do infants need fat

A

mylenize the nerves in brain

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12
Q

what is the recommended food source for infants

A

breastmilk

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13
Q

breastmilk breaks down quickly so

A

breastfed babies feed often

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14
Q

human milk fortifier

A

increase calcium, phosphorus, increase cals, add fatty acids
- good for preterm infants

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15
Q

what is special about breast milk amino acids

A

easily broken down and convert to essential fatty acids

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16
Q

freshly pumped breast milk
- counter
- fridge
- freezer

A

counter 4 hours
fridge 4 days
deep freezer up to 6 mo is best but up to 12 mo is okay

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17
Q

thawed breast milk
- counter
- fridge
- freezer

A

counter 2 hours
fridge 1 day
don’t refreeze breast milk

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18
Q

breast milk left over from a feeding

A

use within 2 hours of baby last feeding

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19
Q

primary carb in breast milk is

A

lactose

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20
Q

lactose does what

A

helps with flora development of the lactobacillus and helps with absorption of ca, mg, and zinc

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21
Q

since 2002 what has been added to formula

A

DHA to help with mylenation

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22
Q

appropriate first food

A

rice cereal

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23
Q

readiness for solid foods

A

extrusion reflex
swallowing
sitting skills
interest

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24
Q

birth to 1 mo feeding patterns

A

Q2-3hr
60-90mL

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25
Q

2-4 mo feeding patterns

A

Q3-4
90-120mL

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26
Q

when does the infant have coordinated suck and swallow reflex

A

2-4 mo

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27
Q

4-6 mo feeding patterns

A

2-3 T x2 daily before feedings
4 times a day of breastmilk
100-150mL

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28
Q

6-8 mo feeding patterns

A

2-5 T 3x before feedings
4 times a day of breast milk
160-225 mL

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29
Q

8-10 mo feeding patterns

A

soft finger foods 3 times daily
breast milk 4 times daily
160mL

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30
Q

10-12 mo feeding patterns

A

soft foods 3 times a day
cup with or without lid
breast milk 4 times
160-225mL

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31
Q

weaning

A

when the infant stop breastfeeding and starts taking liquids by cup

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32
Q

when does weaning occur

A

8-9 mo

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33
Q

by how old should infants be able to drink out of a sippy cup

A

1 year

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34
Q

introduction of complementary foods

A

6 mo

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35
Q

what type of introduction of complementary foods

A

gradual and one thing at a time

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36
Q

when the child can eat 1/4 cup of cereal 2 times a day then add what

A

veggies and fruit

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37
Q

veggies and fruit age

A

6-8

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38
Q

meats and proteins at what age

A

8-10

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39
Q

finger foods why by 6 mo

A

grasp

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40
Q

why is rice cereal first food

A

low risk for allergies

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41
Q

why should toddlers sit at a highchair to eat

A

minimize the chance of choking and foster positive eating patterns

42
Q

whole milk until what age

A

2 years

43
Q

what type of milk after 2 years

A

2%

44
Q

why do we want whole milk until 2

A

high fat and good mylenization

45
Q

toddler recommendation for juice

A

4-6oz since there is a lot of sugars we want to decrease intake to protect teeth

46
Q

physiologic anorexia
- what is it and when is it seen

A

metabolism slows so don’t need so much food
toddlers

47
Q

toddler one tablespoon of each food per

A

year of age

48
Q

milk intake for toddler

A

16-25oz

49
Q

is there a limit to milk

A

yes too much can be detrimental

50
Q

why no bottles in bed

A

decay of teeth or carries
OM
aspiration

51
Q

intake more than 24oz of milk is dangerous because

A

iron deficiency anemia

52
Q

toddler how many meals and snacks

A

3 meals and 2 snacks

53
Q

when should we start engaging in food and making process

A

preschooler

54
Q

girl growth spurt

A

10-11

55
Q

boys growth spurt

A

11-12

56
Q

what are empty calories

A

pop
slurp
increase cals but no nutritional gain

57
Q

when you are craving chocolate what are you craving

A

mag

58
Q

what are some risks for obesity

A

sendetary lifestyle
SES
cost
gas prices
safe neighborhood

59
Q

hormones are made of

A

fat

60
Q

when adol have the increased growth rate what happens to the caloric needs

A

increased

61
Q

adol male cals

A

3000

62
Q

female adol cals

A

2000

63
Q

adols need an increase in what

A

protein

64
Q

food security

A

access at all times to enough nourishment for a healthy, active lifestyle

65
Q

food insecurity

A

inability to acquire or consume adequate quality or quantity of foods in socially acceptable ways

66
Q

leading cause of childhood hunger

A

poverty

67
Q

how do nurses intervene with childhood hunger

A

social services
resources

68
Q

BMI

A

measure of body fat based on height and weight

69
Q

obsese BMI

A

over 95%

70
Q

overweight BMI

A

85-94%

71
Q

influencing factors for increasing BMI

A

decrease exercise
TV
increased calories through fat

72
Q

for adols how do we assess nutriton

A

ask them what a normal day of eating looks like

73
Q

what is celiac disease

A

intolerance to gluten

74
Q

celiac disease can lead to chronic

A

malabsorption

75
Q

2 different types of celiac

A

allergic and intolerance

76
Q

allergic vs intolerance celiac

A

allergic is hospital, bad allergic reaction
intolerance is normally not a hospital trip, severe stomach cramping

77
Q

celiac disease is closely related to what other syndromes

A

down and turner

78
Q

when does celiac disease present

A

6mo to 2 years

79
Q

s/s of celiac

A

chronic diarrhea
growth impairment
abdominal distention

80
Q

how to diagnose celiac

A

fecal fat content - normally
duodenal biopsy
resolution of symptoms when removal of gluten occurs

81
Q

pica

A

eating disorder characterized by ingestion of nonfood items

82
Q

s/s of pica

A

iron and zinc deficiencies

83
Q

treatment of pica

A

removing access to substances
ensuring adequate diet
nutritious diet
correcting nutritional deficiencies

84
Q

failure to thrive

A

decelerated or arrested physical growth and is associated with abnormal growth and development

85
Q

2 types of failure to thrive

A

organic: metabolic issue
environmental: environment based
- EX: mom not feeding enough

86
Q

why is anorexia life threatening

A

cardiac due to lytes
esophageal varies = bleeding

87
Q

who is more likely to be anorexia

A

adol girls

88
Q

physical findings of anorexia

A

cold
dizzy
constipation
bloating
abdominal distention
irregular menses

89
Q

bulimia nervosa physical findings

A

eroded tooth enamel especially on the inside of the lower lip
gum recession and caries
calluses on the back of the hand
esophageal tears or esophagitis

90
Q

enteral therapy

A

form of nutritional support provided when a child cannot take in enough food orally to sustain health

91
Q

types of enteral therapy

A

NG
gastronomy
Jehunostomy

92
Q

assessment of feeding tubes

A

tube placement
skin breakdown
securred tightly

93
Q

when administering feedings enterally what should we do

A

hold the child

94
Q

nonnutritive suck

A

when we give the child a pacifier and they suck when getting enteral food supply so they understand when they suck they get food

95
Q

why is leakage of fluid from PEG tube or GJ bad

A

irritation from gastric fluids

96
Q

TPN

A

bypasses the GI tract and provides calories and nutrition directly into the circulatory system

97
Q

TPN includes

A

glucose
salt
amino acids
lipids
fat emulsion

98
Q

when do we use TPN

A

congenital malformation of GI tract
- short gut syndrome
burns
severe sepsis
oncology

99
Q

if they are to go home on TPN what do they need

A

central line

100
Q

central line is

A

sterile

101
Q

what is the biggest complication for central line

A

infection

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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