Nutrition PowerPoint Flashcards
brain runs on
glucose
who has the highest nutritional needs
preterm infants
what is the calorie intake for preterm infant
160mL/kg/day
why do preterm infants have eating disroders
suck swallow breath is not functioning
why do infants and preterm infants have high risk for dehydration
increased surface area to mass ratio and decrease renal absorption capcacity
maco
protien
carb
fat
micro
vits and minerals
fat soluble vit
A, D, E, K
term infant fluid requirement and calorie intake
140-160mL/kg/day
100-115cal/kg/day
infants receive what percent from fat
50%
why do infants need fat
mylenize the nerves in brain
what is the recommended food source for infants
breastmilk
breastmilk breaks down quickly so
breastfed babies feed often
human milk fortifier
increase calcium, phosphorus, increase cals, add fatty acids
- good for preterm infants
what is special about breast milk amino acids
easily broken down and convert to essential fatty acids
freshly pumped breast milk
- counter
- fridge
- freezer
counter 4 hours
fridge 4 days
deep freezer up to 6 mo is best but up to 12 mo is okay
thawed breast milk
- counter
- fridge
- freezer
counter 2 hours
fridge 1 day
don’t refreeze breast milk
breast milk left over from a feeding
use within 2 hours of baby last feeding
primary carb in breast milk is
lactose
lactose does what
helps with flora development of the lactobacillus and helps with absorption of ca, mg, and zinc
since 2002 what has been added to formula
DHA to help with mylenation
appropriate first food
rice cereal
readiness for solid foods
extrusion reflex
swallowing
sitting skills
interest
birth to 1 mo feeding patterns
Q2-3hr
60-90mL
2-4 mo feeding patterns
Q3-4
90-120mL
when does the infant have coordinated suck and swallow reflex
2-4 mo
4-6 mo feeding patterns
2-3 T x2 daily before feedings
4 times a day of breastmilk
100-150mL
6-8 mo feeding patterns
2-5 T 3x before feedings
4 times a day of breast milk
160-225 mL
8-10 mo feeding patterns
soft finger foods 3 times daily
breast milk 4 times daily
160mL
10-12 mo feeding patterns
soft foods 3 times a day
cup with or without lid
breast milk 4 times
160-225mL
weaning
when the infant stop breastfeeding and starts taking liquids by cup
when does weaning occur
8-9 mo
by how old should infants be able to drink out of a sippy cup
1 year
introduction of complementary foods
6 mo
what type of introduction of complementary foods
gradual and one thing at a time
when the child can eat 1/4 cup of cereal 2 times a day then add what
veggies and fruit
veggies and fruit age
6-8
meats and proteins at what age
8-10
finger foods why by 6 mo
grasp
why is rice cereal first food
low risk for allergies
why should toddlers sit at a highchair to eat
minimize the chance of choking and foster positive eating patterns
whole milk until what age
2 years
what type of milk after 2 years
2%
why do we want whole milk until 2
high fat and good mylenization
toddler recommendation for juice
4-6oz since there is a lot of sugars we want to decrease intake to protect teeth
physiologic anorexia
- what is it and when is it seen
metabolism slows so don’t need so much food
toddlers
toddler one tablespoon of each food per
year of age
milk intake for toddler
16-25oz
is there a limit to milk
yes too much can be detrimental
why no bottles in bed
decay of teeth or carries
OM
aspiration
intake more than 24oz of milk is dangerous because
iron deficiency anemia
toddler how many meals and snacks
3 meals and 2 snacks
when should we start engaging in food and making process
preschooler
girl growth spurt
10-11
boys growth spurt
11-12
what are empty calories
pop
slurp
increase cals but no nutritional gain
when you are craving chocolate what are you craving
mag
what are some risks for obesity
sendetary lifestyle
SES
cost
gas prices
safe neighborhood
hormones are made of
fat
when adol have the increased growth rate what happens to the caloric needs
increased
adol male cals
3000
female adol cals
2000
adols need an increase in what
protein
food security
access at all times to enough nourishment for a healthy, active lifestyle
food insecurity
inability to acquire or consume adequate quality or quantity of foods in socially acceptable ways
leading cause of childhood hunger
poverty
how do nurses intervene with childhood hunger
social services
resources
BMI
measure of body fat based on height and weight
obsese BMI
over 95%
overweight BMI
85-94%
influencing factors for increasing BMI
decrease exercise
TV
increased calories through fat
for adols how do we assess nutriton
ask them what a normal day of eating looks like
what is celiac disease
intolerance to gluten
celiac disease can lead to chronic
malabsorption
2 different types of celiac
allergic and intolerance
allergic vs intolerance celiac
allergic is hospital, bad allergic reaction
intolerance is normally not a hospital trip, severe stomach cramping
celiac disease is closely related to what other syndromes
down and turner
when does celiac disease present
6mo to 2 years
s/s of celiac
chronic diarrhea
growth impairment
abdominal distention
how to diagnose celiac
fecal fat content - normally
duodenal biopsy
resolution of symptoms when removal of gluten occurs
pica
eating disorder characterized by ingestion of nonfood items
s/s of pica
iron and zinc deficiencies
treatment of pica
removing access to substances
ensuring adequate diet
nutritious diet
correcting nutritional deficiencies
failure to thrive
decelerated or arrested physical growth and is associated with abnormal growth and development
2 types of failure to thrive
organic: metabolic issue
environmental: environment based
- EX: mom not feeding enough
why is anorexia life threatening
cardiac due to lytes
esophageal varies = bleeding
who is more likely to be anorexia
adol girls
physical findings of anorexia
cold
dizzy
constipation
bloating
abdominal distention
irregular menses
bulimia nervosa physical findings
eroded tooth enamel especially on the inside of the lower lip
gum recession and caries
calluses on the back of the hand
esophageal tears or esophagitis
enteral therapy
form of nutritional support provided when a child cannot take in enough food orally to sustain health
types of enteral therapy
NG
gastronomy
Jehunostomy
assessment of feeding tubes
tube placement
skin breakdown
securred tightly
when administering feedings enterally what should we do
hold the child
nonnutritive suck
when we give the child a pacifier and they suck when getting enteral food supply so they understand when they suck they get food
why is leakage of fluid from PEG tube or GJ bad
irritation from gastric fluids
TPN
bypasses the GI tract and provides calories and nutrition directly into the circulatory system
TPN includes
glucose
salt
amino acids
lipids
fat emulsion
when do we use TPN
congenital malformation of GI tract
- short gut syndrome
burns
severe sepsis
oncology
if they are to go home on TPN what do they need
central line
central line is
sterile
what is the biggest complication for central line
infection
