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Respiratory Book Flashcards

1
Q

aspiration

A

inhalation of any object into repository tract

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2
Q

most aspirated foreign bodies cause what obstruction

A

bronchial

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3
Q

aspiration s/s

A

sudden onset of choking
spasmodic coughing
dysphonia
flaring
retractions
upright position with neck extended
hypoxia

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4
Q

resp failure occurs

A

when body can no longer maintain effective gas exchange
- poor ventilation imitates process that leads to resp failure

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5
Q

resp failure s/s

A

worsening distress
dyspnea
tachypnea
irritability
reiterations
flaring
lethargy
cyanosis
bradypnea

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6
Q

as child tires form prolonged effort of breathing this leads to

A

RR decrease and then arrest

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7
Q

croup definition

A

broad classification of upper airway illness that results from inflammation and swelling of epiglottis and larynx

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8
Q

viral forms of croup

A

acute spasmodic laryngitis
LTB

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9
Q

bacterial forms of croup

A

tracheitis and epiglottis

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10
Q

which form of croup is more dangerous

A

bacterial

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11
Q

what is the onset of epiglottis

A

abrupt

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12
Q

initial s/s of all forms of croup

A

insiraptory stridor
seal like barking cough
hoarsness

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13
Q

what position might epiglottis be in

A

tripod

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14
Q

prediction of epiglottis

A

absence of spontaneous cough
drooling
agigitaion

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15
Q

epiglottis sond

A

frog like croaking

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16
Q

epiglottis apperence

A

cherry red edemenatos epligotis

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17
Q

acute spastic and LTB tx

A

oral dexmethsone and nebulizer epi

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18
Q

bacterial trachelitis and epiglottis tx

A

IV oral antibiotics
- vanco

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19
Q

why is epiglottis rate down

A

HiB vaccine

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20
Q

mild spasmodic may have relief with

A

cold or humidity

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21
Q

what is contraibidiated in epiglottis and LTB

A

throat cultures/visual inspection of inner mouth and throat are contraindicated in children cause this can cause laryngoaspsm that can lead to complete airway obcstrution

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22
Q

if there is suspected epiglottis what does this mean

A

do not leave bedside until intubation
- continuously observe for inability to swallow, absence of voice, sounds, drooling, change in LOC

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23
Q

a quite child means

A

more concern

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24
Q

epiglottis is a

A

medical emergency

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25
bronchiolutis
lower resp tract illness
26
RSV/bronchiolotis
most common cause of bronchuilotis - oct - march direct contact
27
what happens with RSV
invaded cells die and leads to debris and clogs and obstructs brochures and irritates airway and airway landing swells and provided excessive mucous
28
s/s of RSV/ bronch
rhinitis cough low grade fever tachypnea poor feeding V/D grundting wheeze crackles
29
RSV/ branch Xr apperence
hyperinflation patchy atelectasis inflammation
30
RSV bronch tx
nebulizer hypertonic saline supportive hydration CPAP antipyretic
31
RSV immunization
syngis
32
RSV course of illness
gets worse before better
33
pneumonia
inflammation/infection of bronchioles and alveolar spaces of lungs
34
pneumonia s/s
fever rhonci wheeze dyspnea tachypnea chest/abdomina pain newborn: grunting retrations flaring bacterial bands increase wbc high fever
35
pneumonia CXR
infiltration
36
pneumonia tx
pain and fever control bacteria: amp/amox hydration
37
pneumonia positioning
good lung up
38
BPD
chronic lung disease of prematurity supplemental O2 for at least 28 days after premature birth results from positive pressure ventilation since it injuries the immature lungs leading to fewer and larger alveoli and less functional surface area and a smaller vascular bed in lungs
39
BPD s/s
resp distress tachypnea flaring reiterations barrel chest
40
BPD tx
surfactant steroids
41
BPD rf
less than 28 weeks gesation patent ductus arteriosum
42
asthma
chronic inflam disorder of airway bronchial constriction, hyper responsive, airway, airway inflam reversible
43
asthma trigger
inflam or non inflam stimulis tuta initates an asthma episode EX: exercise, infection, allergens, fragrance, pollutant, weather change
44
asthma s/s
wheeze dyspnea chest tightness prolonged expiation younger: tripod older: upright with shoulders forward flaring retrations bobbing barrel chest
45
SABA example
albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol
46
when to use SABA
first, before steroid
47
SABA min between puff
1-2 mins
48
SABA min until steroid
15 min
49
SABA is used when
acute episodes
50
steroids (oral) example
methylprednisonde, prednisone, prensilolone
51
oral steroids do what
diminishes airway inflammation
52
oral steroids are used when
acute episodes
53
anticholingeric med
ipratropium
54
antichol action
inhibits bronchoconstriction and decrease mucus production
55
antichol onset
30-90 not for primary emergency
56
LABA
salmterol , formotorol
57
LABA action
relaxes smooth muscle
58
LABA acute or preventative
preventative
59
LABA is it a monotherpay
no
60
asthma mag sultafate
emergencies
61
inhaled steroids med
beclomethasone budesonide flunisolide fluticasone mometasone thiamcinolone
62
inhaled steroids action
antiinflam exercise induced allergies
63
what should we do after inhaled steroids
rinse mouth
64
what exercise is well tolerated
swimming
65
wait how long in between puffs of same med
1-2 min
66
is silent chest good
no its bad, no more air moved in
67
peak expiratory zone - breathing out in 1 sec - green
good, 80-100%
68
peak expiratory zone - breathing out in 1 sec - yellow
caution, may lead to exacerbation 50-80%
69
peak expiratory zone - breathing out in 1 sec -red
bad medical alert SABA use les than 50%
70
over what age can use MDI
5
71
do we use ice cold fluids with asthma
no may cause broncho spams
72
cystic fibrosis
disorder of exocrine gland - respiratory, GI, reproductive secretions become thickened air trapped in small airway which the mucous can harbor bacteria
73
CF pancreas
duct is obstructed which leads to impeding natural enexymatic flow needed to digest fats, fat soluble vit, and protein also leads to CFRD
74
CF diagnosis
elevation of sweat electrolytes - gold standard - sodium and chloride
75
CF treatment
Chest physiotherapy 1-3 times per day antibitis vitamins pancreatic enzymes
76
chance of CF
1/4 autosomal recessive
77
CF stool
steatorrhea
78
CF when are pancreatic enzymes taken
with all meals and snacks
79
CF cal rate
increase due to high metabolic rate
80
pneumothorax
occurs when air enters the pleural space due to penetrating chest injury or tears in trachealbronchial tree, esophagus or chest wall
81
open pneumo
penetrating injury that exposes the pleural space to atmospheric pressure
82
closed pneumo
Chest may be compressed against a closed glottis causing sudden increase in pressure with thoracic cavity
83
tension pneumio
air leaks into chest during inspiration and cannot escape during expiration
84
open pneumo s/s
restless cyansosis subq emphysema
85
closed pneum s/s
breath sounds decreased or absent on affected side
86
tension pneumo s/s
tracheal deviation decrease cardiac output paradoxical breathing
87
resp peds A&P differnces
young Childs neck is shorter air way is shorter and narrower which is greater potential for obstruction tracheal deviation of the right and left bronchi is higher in Childs airway and at different angle airway is more compressed when head is flexed narrow airway= more resistance under 6 use diapgram since intercostals are immature consume more O2 due to metabolic rate and increase when in resp distress
88
retrations
negative pressure created by they downward movement of the diaphragm is increased in cases of respiratory distress and the chest wall is pulled inward causing retractions
89
mild r distress retraction
intercostal
90
after intercostal retractions
substernal subcostal
91
after substernal and subcostal
supracalvitular and suprasnetral

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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