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Pediatrics > Respiratory Book > Flashcards

Respiratory Book Flashcards

1
Q

aspiration

A

inhalation of any object into repository tract

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2
Q

most aspirated foreign bodies cause what obstruction

A

bronchial

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3
Q

aspiration s/s

A

sudden onset of choking
spasmodic coughing
dysphonia
flaring
retractions
upright position with neck extended
hypoxia

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4
Q

resp failure occurs

A

when body can no longer maintain effective gas exchange
- poor ventilation imitates process that leads to resp failure

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5
Q

resp failure s/s

A

worsening distress
dyspnea
tachypnea
irritability
reiterations
flaring
lethargy
cyanosis
bradypnea

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6
Q

as child tires form prolonged effort of breathing this leads to

A

RR decrease and then arrest

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7
Q

croup definition

A

broad classification of upper airway illness that results from inflammation and swelling of epiglottis and larynx

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8
Q

viral forms of croup

A

acute spasmodic laryngitis
LTB

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9
Q

bacterial forms of croup

A

tracheitis and epiglottis

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10
Q

which form of croup is more dangerous

A

bacterial

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11
Q

what is the onset of epiglottis

A

abrupt

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12
Q

initial s/s of all forms of croup

A

insiraptory stridor
seal like barking cough
hoarsness

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13
Q

what position might epiglottis be in

A

tripod

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14
Q

prediction of epiglottis

A

absence of spontaneous cough
drooling
agigitaion

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15
Q

epiglottis sond

A

frog like croaking

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16
Q

epiglottis apperence

A

cherry red edemenatos epligotis

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17
Q

acute spastic and LTB tx

A

oral dexmethsone and nebulizer epi

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18
Q

bacterial trachelitis and epiglottis tx

A

IV oral antibiotics
- vanco

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19
Q

why is epiglottis rate down

A

HiB vaccine

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20
Q

mild spasmodic may have relief with

A

cold or humidity

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21
Q

what is contraibidiated in epiglottis and LTB

A

throat cultures/visual inspection of inner mouth and throat are contraindicated in children cause this can cause laryngoaspsm that can lead to complete airway obcstrution

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22
Q

if there is suspected epiglottis what does this mean

A

do not leave bedside until intubation
- continuously observe for inability to swallow, absence of voice, sounds, drooling, change in LOC

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23
Q

a quite child means

A

more concern

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24
Q

epiglottis is a

A

medical emergency

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25
Q

bronchiolutis

A

lower resp tract illness

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26
Q

RSV/bronchiolotis

A

most common cause of bronchuilotis
- oct - march
direct contact

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27
Q

what happens with RSV

A

invaded cells die and leads to debris and clogs and obstructs brochures and irritates airway and airway landing swells and provided excessive mucous

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28
Q

s/s of RSV/ bronch

A

rhinitis
cough
low grade fever
tachypnea
poor feeding
V/D
grundting
wheeze
crackles

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29
Q

RSV/ branch Xr apperence

A

hyperinflation
patchy atelectasis
inflammation

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30
Q

RSV bronch tx

A

nebulizer hypertonic saline
supportive
hydration
CPAP
antipyretic

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31
Q

RSV immunization

A

syngis

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32
Q

RSV course of illness

A

gets worse before better

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33
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation/infection of bronchioles and alveolar spaces of lungs

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34
Q

pneumonia s/s

A

fever
rhonci
wheeze
dyspnea
tachypnea
chest/abdomina pain

newborn:
grunting
retrations
flaring

bacterial
bands
increase wbc
high fever

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35
Q

pneumonia CXR

A

infiltration

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36
Q

pneumonia tx

A

pain and fever control
bacteria: amp/amox
hydration

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37
Q

pneumonia positioning

A

good lung up

38
Q

BPD

A

chronic lung disease of prematurity supplemental O2 for at least 28 days after premature birth

results from positive pressure ventilation since it injuries the immature lungs leading to fewer and larger alveoli and less functional surface area and a smaller vascular bed in lungs

39
Q

BPD s/s

A

resp distress
tachypnea
flaring
reiterations
barrel chest

40
Q

BPD tx

A

surfactant
steroids

41
Q

BPD rf

A

less than 28 weeks gesation
patent ductus arteriosum

42
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflam disorder of airway
bronchial constriction, hyper responsive, airway, airway inflam
reversible

43
Q

asthma trigger

A

inflam or non inflam stimulis tuta initates an asthma episode
EX: exercise, infection, allergens, fragrance, pollutant, weather change

44
Q

asthma s/s

A

wheeze
dyspnea
chest tightness
prolonged expiation
younger: tripod
older: upright with shoulders forward
flaring
retrations
bobbing
barrel chest

45
Q

SABA example

A

albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol

46
Q

when to use SABA

A

first, before steroid

47
Q

SABA min between puff

A

1-2 mins

48
Q

SABA min until steroid

A

15 min

49
Q

SABA is used when

A

acute episodes

50
Q

steroids (oral) example

A

methylprednisonde, prednisone, prensilolone

51
Q

oral steroids do what

A

diminishes airway inflammation

52
Q

oral steroids are used when

A

acute episodes

53
Q

anticholingeric med

A

ipratropium

54
Q

antichol action

A

inhibits bronchoconstriction and decrease mucus production

55
Q

antichol onset

A

30-90
not for primary emergency

56
Q

LABA

A

salmterol , formotorol

57
Q

LABA action

A

relaxes smooth muscle

58
Q

LABA acute or preventative

A

preventative

59
Q

LABA is it a monotherpay

A

no

60
Q

asthma mag sultafate

A

emergencies

61
Q

inhaled steroids med

A

beclomethasone
budesonide
flunisolide
fluticasone
mometasone
thiamcinolone

62
Q

inhaled steroids action

A

antiinflam
exercise induced
allergies

63
Q

what should we do after inhaled steroids

A

rinse mouth

64
Q

what exercise is well tolerated

A

swimming

65
Q

wait how long in between puffs of same med

A

1-2 min

66
Q

is silent chest good

A

no its bad, no more air moved in

67
Q

peak expiratory zone
- breathing out in 1 sec
- green

A

good, 80-100%

68
Q

peak expiratory zone
- breathing out in 1 sec
- yellow

A

caution, may lead to exacerbation 50-80%

69
Q

peak expiratory zone
- breathing out in 1 sec
-red

A

bad medical alert SABA use les than 50%

70
Q

over what age can use MDI

A

5

71
Q

do we use ice cold fluids with asthma

A

no may cause broncho spams

72
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

disorder of exocrine gland
- respiratory, GI, reproductive
secretions become thickened
air trapped in small airway which the mucous can harbor bacteria

73
Q

CF pancreas

A

duct is obstructed which leads to impeding natural enexymatic flow needed to digest fats, fat soluble vit, and protein
also leads to CFRD

74
Q

CF diagnosis

A

elevation of sweat electrolytes
- gold standard
- sodium and chloride

75
Q

CF treatment

A

Chest physiotherapy 1-3 times per day
antibitis
vitamins pancreatic enzymes

76
Q

chance of CF

A

1/4
autosomal recessive

77
Q

CF stool

A

steatorrhea

78
Q

CF when are pancreatic enzymes taken

A

with all meals and snacks

79
Q

CF cal rate

A

increase due to high metabolic rate

80
Q

pneumothorax

A

occurs when air enters the pleural space due to penetrating chest injury or tears in trachealbronchial tree, esophagus or chest wall

81
Q

open pneumo

A

penetrating injury that exposes the pleural space to atmospheric pressure

82
Q

closed pneumo

A

Chest may be compressed against a closed glottis causing sudden increase in pressure with thoracic cavity

83
Q

tension pneumio

A

air leaks into chest during inspiration and cannot escape during expiration

84
Q

open pneumo s/s

A

restless
cyansosis
subq emphysema

85
Q

closed pneum s/s

A

breath sounds decreased or absent on affected side

86
Q

tension pneumo s/s

A

tracheal deviation
decrease cardiac output
paradoxical breathing

87
Q

resp peds A&P differnces

A

young Childs neck is shorter
air way is shorter and narrower which is greater potential for obstruction
tracheal deviation of the right and left bronchi is higher in Childs airway and at different angle
airway is more compressed when head is flexed
narrow airway= more resistance
under 6 use diapgram since intercostals are immature
consume more O2 due to metabolic rate and increase when in resp distress

88
Q

retrations

A

negative pressure created by they downward movement of the diaphragm is increased in cases of respiratory distress and the chest wall is pulled inward causing retractions

89
Q

mild r distress retraction

A

intercostal

90
Q

after intercostal retractions

A

substernal subcostal

91
Q

after substernal and subcostal

A

supracalvitular and suprasnetral

Pediatrics (37 decks)

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