Hematology Book Flashcards

1
Q

**know normal lab values for CBC

A

RBC 3.8-5.03
hb: 10.2-13.4
hit: 31.7-39.8
WBC: 4.86-11.4
platelet: 203-367

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

** understand anemia well. including how it occurs, what we see in the labs, what do we do about it

A

anemia is decreased number of RBC, quantity of hbg, and volume of PRBC to below normal caused by loss/destruction or impaired/decreased rate of production
treat underlying cause/possible transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

** what are we looking for with MCH and MCV

A

MCH: mass/volume
MCV: size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

**reticulocyte count

A

decrease production: decrease reticulocyte
blood loss: increase reticulocyte
normal:
- infant 2-6%
- adult .5-2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

** normal and abnormal values for WBC, RBC, platelets

A

powerpoint
- WBC: 4.5-11
- RBC: 3.5-5.5
- platelet: 150-420

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

** understand the 3 types of anemia (microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic)

A

microcytic: small, decreased MCV
normocytic: decreased production
macrocytic: lagre, vit b12/folate decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

** Understand iron deficiency anemia. what are the most common causes, how can we treat it? what are the symtoms? early vs late?

A

most common anemia
microcytic
increase cow milk consumption in toddlers but could also be due to menorrhagia or GI bleeds. increase iron in foods or supplement with 2-5mg/kg/day, symptoms of iron supplement is N/V/C and dark stools. Early anemia is asymptomatic. late anemia has tachycardia, tachypnea, cardiomegaly, koilpokolosis, and enlarged tongue, with fatigue and irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SICKLE CELL
**understand how children get the disease, what does it mean for them? what complications can the disease cause? how do we treat it?

A

autosomal recessive, both parents need it, 25% per pregnancy. acute chest syndrome, lower respiratory tract illness, consolidation with defined edges, vaso occlusive crisis, spleen squestrioun, pain meds, O2, IV fluids, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SICKLE CELL
** what things make a complication more likely to happen

A

hypoxia, stress, dehydration, temp extremes, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SICKLE CELL
** what is vaso occlusive crisis? s/s or this, treatment for it, what causes it, what might a care plan for this patient look like? nursing dx?

A

stasis of blood with clumping of cells
pain, fever, tissue engorgment, abdominal pain
pain meds, O2, IV fluid
causes it: hypoxia, stress, dehydration, temp extremes, infection
pain meds, IV fluids, o2
nursing dx: tissue perfusion, pain, fluid volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SICKLE CELL
** acute chest what is it, what are the s/s, tx?

A

cut lower resp tract illness
infiltrate XR, fever, chest pain, tachypnea, decrease O2
pai. meds, ABX, O2, Iv fluids, blood transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SICKLE CELL
** what are some emergencies that occur in sickle cell patients

A

splenic sequestration, aplastic crisis, vasooculsion crisis, acute chest syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SICKLE CELL
** what do we worry about in sickle cell patients with fever

A

emergency 38.5<
infection and can lead to crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SICKLE CELL
** common medications

A

folic acid
penicillin
hydroxurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SICKLE CELL
** review PCA use, who is it appropriate for, what considerations for families, what do we watch for or what complications might we be concerned about with PCA

A

+6yr and can self report pain
only child can press button
tolerance, resp depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SICKLE CELL
** can sickle cell be cured? how? what are the risks

A

stem cell transplant
anemia, infection, bleeding, rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

** what is hemophilia? what is the etiology? clinical manifestations? tx?

A

decrease clotting factor, X linked recessive disorder,
spontaneous bleeding, hemarthosis, ecchymosis, hematuria, intracranial bleeding
desmopressin, recomant factor VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

erythropoesis

A

formation of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

polycythemia

A

above average number of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease WBC

21
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decrease platelet

22
Q

at birth hematopoiesis occurs in marrow of

A

nearly every bone

23
Q

once newborn begins breathing

A

RbC production slows

24
Q

WBC is higher at

25
platelet in newborn are lower than in
children and adult
26
clotting factor is lower in
newborns
27
what is the most common type of anemia
iron def
28
iron def s/s are related to
degree
29
mild - mod iron def s/s
asymptomatic
30
severe s/s
fatigue poor feeding tachypnea cardiomegaly pica
31
iron def hbg level
<11
32
normocytuc anemia s/s
same as iron def but could have hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
33
most common form of sickle cell
HBss
34
thalassemias s/s
pallor jaundice growth retadation hepatomegaly splenomegaly
35
cure for thalassemia
stem cell transplant
36
deferoxamine
decrease iron due to transplants
37
aplastic anemai
failure of bone marrow
38
aplastic anemia s/s
petechie purpura epistasis pallor
39
aplastic anemia med
immunosuppressants - cyclosporine
40
aplastic anemia bone marrow
yellow and fatty
41
hemophilia s/s
spontaneous bleeding hemarthrosis deep tissue hemorrhage ecchymosis hematuria
42
hemophilia meds
desmopressin recombinant VIII
43
hemophilia disease carrying
X linked - affected males - female carriers
44
most common hereditary bleeding disorder
von willebrand
45
von willebrand s.s
prongloned and excessive mucotanous bleeding brusing expitasis menorrhagia
46
VW meds
infusion of von willebrand protein desmopressin
47
VW genetic
autosomal dominant
48