GI Book Flashcards
is the GI system is immature at birth
yes
what is sucking before 6 weeks
primitive reflex
when do you develop the voluntary control of swallowing
6 wks
who has increases peristalsis
newborn
is the stomach size small in the newborn
yes
increase peristalsis and small stomach size in the newborn contribute to
small frequent feedings
increase frequency of BM and liquid consistency
why do you get regurgitation
relaxed cardiac sphincter
digestion occurs in
duodenum
why do kids get abdominal distention
due to decrease enzymes
when is the GI system normal
2 years
when are they able to control sphincter and then potty train
18 mo
for cleft lip and/or palate what is the majority of cases
majority are combination
~45%
repair of CP/L
lip is done at 3-5 mo to help with feeding to create a seal
palate is done at 12 mo to protect formation of tooth buds and speech pattern
post op CP/L
minimize crying as it can affect the suture line
pyloric stenosis
hypterropic obstruction of the circular muscle of the pyloric canal so the lumen becomes inflamed and edematous
pyloric stenosis s/s
projective vomiting
- 3 feet
nonbilous or blood tinged throw up
hungry after emesis
fails to gain weight
fewer and smaller stools
dehydration
M. Alk
observed peristalsis
olive sided mass in RUQ
pyloric stenosis tx
pylormytomy
pyloric muscle is split
GER/GERD
return of gastric contents into the esophagus
result of relaxation of the esophageal sphincter
most common esophageal disorder in kids
GER
GER s/s
regurgitation
spitting up
decrease wt
frequently hungry
GERD s/s
refusal of eating
sleep distrubances
coughing
choking
wheezing
arching of back during feedings
older: dysphagia, heartburn
GER/GERD diagnosis
esophageal pH monitoring
GER/GERD tx
mild
- feeding modification with thicker foods and positioning
smaller feedings and increase frequency
H2 blocker and PPI
GER/GERD surgery
wrapping the greater curvature of the stomach around distal esophagus
GER/GERD how long should we hold the infant upright for after feeding
20-30 min
omphalocele
congenital malformation in which intraabominal contents herniate through the umbilical cord
gastroschisis
congenital defect of abdominal wall protrusion through a defect in the abdominal wall to the right of the umbilicus
no membrane
omphalocele/gastroschisis treatment
surgery
place infant feet first into bowel bag
intussusception
one portion of the intestines prolapses and invaginates or telescopes into another
intensities rub togethers causing inflammation and edema which leads to decreased blood flow and edema, necrosis, and perforation
intussusception most common location
ileocecal valve
intussusception s/s
abrupt onset
bilious emesis
palpable abdominal mass
red currant jelly stool
intussusception tx
air enema
- use air over barium because of decreased risk of perforation
Hirschsprung disease
congenital anomaly in which inadequate motility causes mechanical obstruction of intestine which causes absence of ganglion cells which doesn’t allow for peristalsis
Hirschsprung disease s/s
- newborn
abdominal distention
feeding intolerance
bilious vomit
failure to pass med in first 24-48 hours
Hirschsprung disease s/s
- older infant/child
decrease wt gain and constipation
Hirschsprung disease
- results of rectal biopsy
absence of ganglion cells
Hirschsprung disease
- result of radiology
dissented bowel with dilated bowel loops
Hirschsprung disease tx
remove aganglionic portion: pull through procedure
appendicitis
inflammation of appendix
- obstruction and then there is continued secretion of mucus following obstruction leading to increased pressure causing ischemia, cellular death, and ulceration
appendicitis s/s
periumblicus cramps
abdominal tenderness
anorexia
pain in RLQ - mcburney point
guarding
rigidity
rebound tenderness
appendicitis tx
surgical removal
appendicitis abscess tx
drain, antibiotics and remove at later time
- interval appendectomy
education for parasite disorder
sandbox covered
good hand hygiene
proper med administration
