Endocrine & Metabolic Book Flashcards
GHD
decreased acitivty of pituitary gland
aka: hypopthyroidism
growth hormone is screted from anterior pit
GHD s/s
1 year old: 3% on growth
- normal at birth weight
hyponatremia
hypoglycmeia seizures
undecsenced testes
slipped carpital femoral epiphysis
GHD tx
growth hormone
- 6-7/wk subq
- administer at night
continuted until acceptable ht or growth velocity drops to less than 2cm, bone age over 14 year for girls for 16 for boys
GHD rf
hypothyroid
turners
cushings
precoucoius puberty
apperence of any 2ndary sexual characteristic
- 8y/o girls. 9y/o boys
thelarche
breast
menarhce
period
adrenarche
hair
precousious puberty
mood swings
emotional lability
XR on percousious puberty
advanced bone age
growth ceases premature, since homrones cause closure of epiphyseal plates
percousious puberty
GnRH analog
- tx continues until normal age of puberty is reached 11-12
education on percousious puberty
childs, social, cognitive, and emotional development is age
hypothyroidism
decrease thyroid hormone
hypothryroidism s/s
delayed growth
jaundice
thick tongue
hypotonia
hoarse cry
dry skin
goiter
cold
increase wt
decreased height velocity
hypothyroid labs
decreased t3/t4
increased tsh
hypothyroid tx
levo
- dose increase with age to ensure euthyroid = thyroid hormone in app balance
hyperthyroidism
increase thyroid hormone
graves
hyperthyroidism s/s
goiter
bluging eyes
eyelid lag
tachycardia
nervousness
increase app
wt loss
moodiness
hot
hyperthyroidism
T3/4 increase
TSH decrease
hyperthyroidism tx
methimazole
radiation
surgery
post op of hyperthyroidism surgery
always have calcium gluconate in case of decrease ca
cushings
adrenalcortical hyperfunciton
pituitary hormone
cushings
obesity
moon face
hypertension
hyperglycemia
buffalo hump
cushings labs
increaed 24hr urinary levels of free cortisol and eleavte night time salviary cortisol level
addisons disease
adrenal insuf
addisons disease s/s
symptoms worsen with time
fatigue
wt loss
hypotension
salt craving
hypoglycemia
addisons disease labs
measured in am
addisons disease tx
hydrocortsone
steroids
diabetes type1
hyperglyemia
- deficits of insulin secretion, action, both abnormalies of carbs, protein, fats
majority have T1
T1 DM s/s
glycosuria: glucose in urine
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
T1 tx
insulin
can long acting be mixed
- Glargine & determir
no
carb counting
1U: 15g
sick day rules
BS 2-3 hr
ketone 4 hr
contine insulin or inscrease
cystic fibrosis RD
pancreas is scarred and doesnt produce enough insulin = deficiney
impairment of insulin = restiance
honey moon phase
left over insulin production
cause of DKA
incorrect insulin dose, missed dose, incorrect adminstraion, illness, trauma, surgery, new onset
DKA how do we get ketones
adipose tissue releases fattu acids that convert to ketones
DKA s/s
polyuria
polydipsia
N/V
dehydration
kussmaul
acetone breath
hypotension
hyperglycemia
glycosuria
ketonuria
DKA what insulin
regular
DM T2 s/s
acanthosis nigricans = hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin
DMT2 meds
meformin
sulfonurea
insulin
turners
girls who have a missing or partial absence of one x chromosome
turnerns s/s
short stature
inferility
webbed neck
low hairline
small jaw
low set ears
short fingers
broad chest
wide set nipples
turners chromosome example
45X
turner tx
growth hormone therapy
klinefelter
boys who have an extra X chromosome
klinefelter chromosone example
47XXY
are turners and klinefelter infertile
yes
klinefelter s/s
testes are small and firm
decrease hair
delayed milestone
decrease verbal IQ
difficulty with socializtaion
less muscular
broader hips
large brest
klinefelter tx
tesosterone replacement at 11-12 years old
