Fluid & Electrolytes PowerPoint Flashcards
unable to produce tears until
6 weeks
3 months
infants are dependent on who for provide fluids for them
dependent
infant GI tract has what proportional surface area than adults
GI
infants have a high risk for
dehydration
kidneys cannot fully conserve fluids and electrolytes until child
2 years
newborn how much greater daily water need/kg
4-5x
increased or respiratory rate
increased
increased or decreased metabolic demands
increased
what is the largest part of body
largest
high metabolic rate + decreased fluid reserve =
increased risk for imbalance
throw up goes to what acid base imbalance
alkaloid
- diarrhea acid
intracellular accounts for how much
2/3
extracellular accounts for how much
1/3
difussion
movement from greater to lesser concentration
microtubules
immature so they have difficulty in maintaining the sodium & calcium, increase risk for acidosis
children have higher or lower metabolic rate
higher
vascular volume
cap refil
character of pulse
BP *late sign
central venous pressure
tenseness of fontanelle
I & O
tears
urine specific gravity
mucous membrane
skin turgor
presence of absence of edema
LOC
1kg =
1L
normal U/O children
0.5 to 1mL/kg/hr
normal U/O infant
2mL/kg/hr