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Pediatrics > Fluid & Electrolytes PowerPoint > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

unable to produce tears until

A

6 weeks
3 months

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2
Q

infants are dependent on who for provide fluids for them

A

dependent

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3
Q

infant GI tract has what proportional surface area than adults

A

GI

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4
Q

infants have a high risk for

A

dehydration

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5
Q

kidneys cannot fully conserve fluids and electrolytes until child

A

2 years

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6
Q

newborn how much greater daily water need/kg

A

4-5x

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7
Q

increased or respiratory rate

A

increased

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8
Q

increased or decreased metabolic demands

A

increased

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9
Q

what is the largest part of body

A

largest

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10
Q

high metabolic rate + decreased fluid reserve =

A

increased risk for imbalance

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11
Q

throw up goes to what acid base imbalance

A

alkaloid
- diarrhea acid

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12
Q

intracellular accounts for how much

A

2/3

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13
Q

extracellular accounts for how much

A

1/3

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14
Q

difussion

A

movement from greater to lesser concentration

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15
Q

microtubules

A

immature so they have difficulty in maintaining the sodium & calcium, increase risk for acidosis

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16
Q

children have higher or lower metabolic rate

A

higher

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17
Q

vascular volume

A

cap refil
character of pulse
BP *late sign
central venous pressure
tenseness of fontanelle
I & O
tears
urine specific gravity
mucous membrane
skin turgor
presence of absence of edema
LOC

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18
Q

1kg =

A

1L

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19
Q

normal U/O children

A

0.5 to 1mL/kg/hr

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20
Q

normal U/O infant

A

2mL/kg/hr

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21
Q

3 main ways to become dehydration

A

decreased intake
decreased output
translocation

22
Q

common cause of dehydration

A

diarrhea
vomiting
gastroenteritis
pharyngitis
febrile illness
DKA
DI
burns

23
Q

isotonic dehydration

A

sodium and water are lost in proportion to each other and therefore serum sodium is normal

24
Q

hypotonic dehydration

A

sodium loss is greater than water loss so serum sodium levels are low
fluid shifts from the ECF to ICF to attempt to correct the loss causing worsening ECF dehydration

25
Q

hypertonic dehydration

A

water loss is greater than sodium loss so serum sodium levels are high
fluid moves from the ICF to ECF
Thus the ECF remains normal and s/s of dehydration

26
Q

mild dehydration s/s

A

slightly decreased urine output
slightly increased thirst
slightly dry mucous membranes
slightly elevated heart rate

27
Q

mild dehydration amount

A

40-50mL/kg

28
Q

moderate dehydration

A

decreased urine output
moderately increased thirst
dry mucous membrane
elevated heart rate
decreased skin turgor
sunken eyes
sunken fontanel

29
Q

moderate dehydration amount

A

60-90mL/kg

30
Q

severe dehydration s/s

A

markedly decreased or absent urine output
greatly increased thirst
very dry mucous membrane
greatly elevated heart rate
decreased skin turgor
very sunken eyes
very sunken fontanel
lethargy
cold extremities
hypotension
coma

31
Q

severe dehydration amount

A

100mL/kg

32
Q

4-2-1

A

for the first 10kg: 4mL/kg/hr
for the next 10kg: 2mL/kg/hr
for anything greater than 20kg: 1mL/kg/hr

33
Q

4-2-1 is used for

A

maintenance

34
Q

deficit + MIVF = IV rate
- replacement time

A

replace 50% in first 8 hours
replace 50% in next 16 hours

35
Q

IV bolus

A

20ml/kg over 30-60 min
isotonic

36
Q

normal sodium

A

135-145

37
Q

normal potiussum

A

3.5-5

38
Q

normal calcium

A

2.8-2.86

39
Q

normal magnesium

A

1.6-2.4

40
Q

bulging fontanelle = increased

A

ICP

41
Q

decreased perfusuion and vascocontriction color of skin

A

pale/gray limbs
hands blue

42
Q

increases loss by 7mL/kg/24h for each degree risk above

A

37.2

43
Q

4 factors to predict dehydration

A

cap refil
absence of tears
dry mucous membranes
ill aperence

44
Q

2 teaspons / in mins

A

15 mins

45
Q

oral rehydration therapy dont give

A

pop
juice
increased sugar

46
Q

oral rehydration therapy do give

A

pedilyte

47
Q

when can we give potassium

A

after void

48
Q

what is the best way to oral rehydration

A

oral rehydration

49
Q

when to seek medical care

A

vomiting large volumes/sunken fontanelles
no improvmenet of symptoms after 4 hours of oral rehydration
worsening symptoms

50
Q
A

Pediatrics (45 decks)

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