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Pediatrics > Fluid & Electrolytes Book > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Book Flashcards

1
Q

isotonic dehydration

A

fluid loss is not balanced by intake loss of water and sodium are proportinate
normal sodium

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2
Q

hypotonic dehydration

A

greater loss of sodium than water
decrease sodium
extracellular into intracellular

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3
Q

hypertonic dehydration

A

greater water loss than sodium
increase Na
intracellular into extracellular

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4
Q

oral rehydration used for what type is used for what type of dehydration

A

mild and moderate

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5
Q

rehydration for severe

A

IV and oral

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6
Q

what is the type of fluid used for rapid infusion

A

isotonic

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7
Q

under what age can we concentrate urine so no change in specifc gravity

A

2

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8
Q

bolus amount

A

20mL/kg in 30-60 min

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9
Q

no potassium until

A

voided

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10
Q

hypernatremia

A

body fluids are too concentrated
body losing more water

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11
Q

hypernat s/s

A

thirsty
decreased urine output
confusion
lethargy
seizures

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12
Q

hypernat treatment

A

hypotonic fluid
isotonic

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13
Q

hyponat

A

bodily fluids are too dilute
- gain more water than NA
- forced fluid intake
- dilution of formula
- increase swallowing in pool
- marathon running

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14
Q

hyponat s/s

A

decrease LOC
swelling of brain cell
- anorexia, N/V/H, muscule wekaness
decreased deep tendon reflexes
agition
lethargy
confusion
seizures

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15
Q

hyponat tx

A

seizures

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16
Q

hyperkal

A

intake, shift to IC to EC, decreased excretion
- blood transfusion
- cell death (crush/sickle/ chemo)
- oliguria (renal failure, hypovol, decreased aldosterone)
- addisons
- chemo/ACEI/ K sparing/ NSAIDS

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17
Q

hyperkal s/s

A

cramping
diarrhea
weak muscles
lethargic
increased T waves

18
Q

hyperkal tx

A

dialysis
diuretic
kayexalate
bicarb
insuiln/glucose
calcium gluco

19
Q

hypokal

A

increase K, decrease intake, shift EC to IC cause
- GI
- diuretics
- increase cortisol ~ cushings
- alk
- hypothemria
- vomiting

20
Q

hypokal s/s

A

abdomin distension
constipation
weak muscle
decrease T waves
polyuria

21
Q

hypercal

A

increased intake, shift, decrease excretion
- chicken liver
- ca rich food
- TPN

prlonged immo
bone cancer
thiazed diuretics

22
Q

hypercal s/s

A

decreased neuromusc excitability
constipation
anxitey
anorexia
N/V
fatigue
confusion
letharigc
polyuria

23
Q

hypercal tx

A

lasix

24
Q

hypocal

A

decreased intake, shift, increase excretion
female losing wt
steatorrhea
- CF

25
Q

hypocal s/s

A

increased neuromuscular excitabilty
- twitiching
- spasm
- largyngospasm
- seizure
- chov/troussoue
- healthy newborn

26
Q

hypermag

A

increase intake, decreased excretion
seawater, saltbath, laxitive, antacids
addisons disesey

27
Q

hypermag s/s

A

decrease muscle irritability
hypotension
bradycardia
heart block

28
Q

hypomag

A

decreased intake, shift, increase excretion
chronic malnutriton, steatorrhea
citrated blood
diretics
DKA
chronic alcohol

29
Q

hypomag s/s

A

increase neuromusc excitability
cramps
twitching
seizures
DTR
chov and trou

30
Q

who has normal chov

A

newborn

31
Q

r acid

A

inability to lungs to move air out
cause: drug overdose, gulliane barre, CF

32
Q

r alk

A

too little of CO2
cause: hyperventilation, astham, sepsis, anxitey, pain, fear, meningitis

33
Q

m acid

A

excess acid
cause: eat/drink ~ asprin, boric acid, antifreeze
ketocsis
decrease growth, starvation, renal failure, diarrhea, rate and depth, of breathing to increase comp

34
Q

m alk

A

too little metablic acid
increased bicarb, or too little acid
intake of bicarb ~ baking soda
citrate in transfusions
increase renal absorption of bicarb ~ hypokal
hyperaldosterone, of decreased EC fluid, severe vommiting
rate and depth of breathing

35
Q

r acid s/s

A

confusion
lethargy
HA
ICP increase
coma

36
Q

r alk s/s

A

neuromuscular irritability
parasthesis
spasm
confusion
dizzy

37
Q

m acid

A

kussmual
Perph vascular resitance
hypotension
pul edema
hypoxia

38
Q

m alk

A

increase neuro musc irritability
cramping
parathesis
seizures
confusion
lethargy

39
Q

why do we check PO2 before therapy for r alk

A

bc its is dangerous to stop hyperventilation if oxygenation is poor

40
Q

peds electrolye/acid-base

A

vulnerable to fluid, eletrolyte and acid base imbalances
percentage of body weight composded of water is highest at birth and decreased w age
neonates/young infants: larger extracellular fluid volume
infants high daily fluid requirements with little fluid volume reserve = vulnerable to dehydration
high sensitble and insensible fluid loss
sensible: measure
insensible: nonmeasure
higher resp and metabolic rates
under 2 year old kidneys cannot compensante

Pediatrics (45 decks)

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