Fluid & Electrolytes Book Flashcards
isotonic dehydration
fluid loss is not balanced by intake loss of water and sodium are proportinate
normal sodium
hypotonic dehydration
greater loss of sodium than water
decrease sodium
extracellular into intracellular
hypertonic dehydration
greater water loss than sodium
increase Na
intracellular into extracellular
oral rehydration used for what type is used for what type of dehydration
mild and moderate
rehydration for severe
IV and oral
what is the type of fluid used for rapid infusion
isotonic
under what age can we concentrate urine so no change in specifc gravity
2
bolus amount
20mL/kg in 30-60 min
no potassium until
voided
hypernatremia
body fluids are too concentrated
body losing more water
hypernat s/s
thirsty
decreased urine output
confusion
lethargy
seizures
hypernat treatment
hypotonic fluid
isotonic
hyponat
bodily fluids are too dilute
- gain more water than NA
- forced fluid intake
- dilution of formula
- increase swallowing in pool
- marathon running
hyponat s/s
decrease LOC
swelling of brain cell
- anorexia, N/V/H, muscule wekaness
decreased deep tendon reflexes
agition
lethargy
confusion
seizures
hyponat tx
seizures
hyperkal
intake, shift to IC to EC, decreased excretion
- blood transfusion
- cell death (crush/sickle/ chemo)
- oliguria (renal failure, hypovol, decreased aldosterone)
- addisons
- chemo/ACEI/ K sparing/ NSAIDS
hyperkal s/s
cramping
diarrhea
weak muscles
lethargic
increased T waves
hyperkal tx
dialysis
diuretic
kayexalate
bicarb
insuiln/glucose
calcium gluco
hypokal
increase K, decrease intake, shift EC to IC cause
- GI
- diuretics
- increase cortisol ~ cushings
- alk
- hypothemria
- vomiting
hypokal s/s
abdomin distension
constipation
weak muscle
decrease T waves
polyuria
hypercal
increased intake, shift, decrease excretion
- chicken liver
- ca rich food
- TPN
prlonged immo
bone cancer
thiazed diuretics
hypercal s/s
decreased neuromusc excitability
constipation
anxitey
anorexia
N/V
fatigue
confusion
letharigc
polyuria
hypercal tx
lasix
hypocal
decreased intake, shift, increase excretion
female losing wt
steatorrhea
- CF
hypocal s/s
increased neuromuscular excitabilty
- twitiching
- spasm
- largyngospasm
- seizure
- chov/troussoue
- healthy newborn
hypermag
increase intake, decreased excretion
seawater, saltbath, laxitive, antacids
addisons disesey
hypermag s/s
decrease muscle irritability
hypotension
bradycardia
heart block
hypomag
decreased intake, shift, increase excretion
chronic malnutriton, steatorrhea
citrated blood
diretics
DKA
chronic alcohol
hypomag s/s
increase neuromusc excitability
cramps
twitching
seizures
DTR
chov and trou
who has normal chov
newborn
r acid
inability to lungs to move air out
cause: drug overdose, gulliane barre, CF
r alk
too little of CO2
cause: hyperventilation, astham, sepsis, anxitey, pain, fear, meningitis
m acid
excess acid
cause: eat/drink ~ asprin, boric acid, antifreeze
ketocsis
decrease growth, starvation, renal failure, diarrhea, rate and depth, of breathing to increase comp
m alk
too little metablic acid
increased bicarb, or too little acid
intake of bicarb ~ baking soda
citrate in transfusions
increase renal absorption of bicarb ~ hypokal
hyperaldosterone, of decreased EC fluid, severe vommiting
rate and depth of breathing
r acid s/s
confusion
lethargy
HA
ICP increase
coma
r alk s/s
neuromuscular irritability
parasthesis
spasm
confusion
dizzy
m acid
kussmual
Perph vascular resitance
hypotension
pul edema
hypoxia
m alk
increase neuro musc irritability
cramping
parathesis
seizures
confusion
lethargy
why do we check PO2 before therapy for r alk
bc its is dangerous to stop hyperventilation if oxygenation is poor
peds electrolye/acid-base
vulnerable to fluid, eletrolyte and acid base imbalances
percentage of body weight composded of water is highest at birth and decreased w age
neonates/young infants: larger extracellular fluid volume
infants high daily fluid requirements with little fluid volume reserve = vulnerable to dehydration
high sensitble and insensible fluid loss
sensible: measure
insensible: nonmeasure
higher resp and metabolic rates
under 2 year old kidneys cannot compensante
