Immunizations/Communicable Diseases Book Flashcards
** understand the four types of immunity and how they are achieved and examples of each
natural passive: mother to child via milk and placenta
natural active: when lymphocytes are activated by antigens during infection
artificial active: dead or attenuated vaccines
artificial passive: instant but temporary response antibodies are not own bodies so no memory cells created, EX: tetanus, antitoxin, antivenom
**know vaccine reactions including allergic reactions (mild vs severe). which are common? what are signs and symptoms of each? how can you differentiate
mild local allergic: wheal and urticaria
severe local allergic: warmth redness, erythema, edema, petechiae, ulcer
nonthreatening systematic: generalized urticaria, transient petechiae
anaphylaxis: hypotension, generalized, uticaria, angioedema, laryngeal edema
common local reactions: erythema, swelling, pain, induration
common systemic reactions: fever fussiness irritability malaise, anorexia
anaphylaxis rarely occurs, caused by egg, gelatin, yeast, and neomycin
** contraindications to a vaccine
hx of anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine or one of its components
moderate to severe acute illness
immunocomp ~ HIV, chemo, recovery from sugery
pregnancy or allergy to some components for a specific vaccine
preg = hep A, HPV, varicella, polio
** proper vaccine documentation, what does it require
vaccine information sheet to be provided
information consent before administration
date of immunization
manufacture
lot number and expiration date
site and route
name and title of person administration
address of facility
contact precautions
gown and glove
airborne precautions
N95
and for transport of the patient put a surgical mask on then
droplet precautions
gown glove and eye cover
chicken pox most contagious
1-2 days before rash
annual flu vaccines begin when
6 mo