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Pediatrics > Neuro PowerPoint > Flashcards

Neuro PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

nerves are covered by

A

meninges

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2
Q

when is nervous system formed

A

first trimester
12 wks

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3
Q

any insult can cause CNS malformation in gesation
- what is some eamples

A

decrease blood circulation
maternal HTN
illness
bleeding

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4
Q

when are nerve cells matured

A

4 years

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5
Q

when does the brain stop growing

A

21-25 years

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6
Q

when mylenation is increased what is decreased

A

primary reflexes
- tonic neck, moro, root

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7
Q

when should tonic neck, root, and moro be gone

A

6 mo

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8
Q

when mylenation occurs what increases or improves

A

fine and gross motor

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9
Q

why are the cranial bones not completely ossified

A

allows for brain growth

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10
Q

when does the post fontanelle close

A

2-3 mo

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11
Q

when does the ant fontanelle close

A

12-18 mo

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12
Q

the skull and brain grow and develop rapidly during childhood so infants and young children are at higher risk for

A

injury

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13
Q

muscle around neck and spinal cord is not fully developed so head is

A

heavy

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14
Q

are the vertebrae completely ossified

A

no

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15
Q

when do stuture lines between skull bones close

A

age 12

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16
Q

top heavy and excessive spinal mobility puts them at risk for

A

falls and shaken baby syndrome

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17
Q

absent seizures

A

staring blankly

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18
Q

what is the most important indicator of neurological dysfuncton

A

LOC

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19
Q

decorticate

A

flexor, rigid, lesions above the brain stem and cortical spinal tract

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20
Q

what is contraindicated in increase ICP

A

spinal tap

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21
Q

early signs of increase ICP

A

headache
visual changes
N/V
pupils unequal or slow

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22
Q

early signs of increase ICP
- infants

A

increase head circumference
bulging fonatalle
separating of sutures

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23
Q

late signs of increase ICP

A

LOC cecrease
Cushing triad
- Brady
- irregular resp
- widening pulse pressure
fix and dilated pupils
hypertension

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24
Q

late signs of increase ICP
- intants

A

sunset eyes
scalp veins proturding
pos babinski

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25
Q

what is a seizures

A

abonormal electrical discharge from the Brian that causes involuntary movement and behavior

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26
Q

different types of seizures

A

absent
partial
generalized
febrile

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27
Q

absent seizure

A

lip smacking and twictchin
loss of LOC

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28
Q

partial seizure

A

one side affected and opposite side will have symptoms
depend on location of insult

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29
Q

generalized

A

diffuse electrical activity on both hems, entire body involved

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30
Q

febrile

A

over 101 or 38.3
6mo to 5 year
rarely occur more than once in 24 hour

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31
Q

why do febrile seizures occur

A

due to Childs immature nervous system

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32
Q

partical s/s

A

abrupt start
unprovoked
aura

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33
Q

generalized s/s

A

aura
tonic clonicto

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34
Q

tonic

A

contraction

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35
Q

clonic

A

extension

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36
Q

staus epi

A

acute lasts over 30 min
check lytes, bp, and bs

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37
Q

what is common for preschool and 2 year old to do in post ictal

A

cry

38
Q

nursing management for seizure

A

maintain airway
don’t put anything in mouth
left side
clear space around
meds: phenobarbital, Ativan, keppra
AED: Vtach

39
Q

what is important to educate about seizure meds

A

dose may change as child ages or metabolism increases

40
Q

hydrocephalus

A

spinal fluid is unable to go down leading to increase ICP

41
Q

cause of hydrocephalus

A

intraventricualr hemmorgae
cari malformation
TBI
tumor
meningits

42
Q

hydrocephalus tx

A

shunt

43
Q

what is a shunt

A

drains CSF into abdomen with a one way valve

44
Q

what is more common non communicating hydrocephalus or communicating hydrocephalus

A

non communicating

45
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of meningitis covering brain and spinal cord

46
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

more sequela - damage
more dangerous
can be 2ndary

47
Q

why can bac meningitis occur 2ndary

A

children bones are not ossified so the sinus is a large cavity and provides large area for growth and spread

48
Q

viral meningitis s/s vs bac

A

same as bacterial

49
Q

viral meningitis sequeala?

A

no

50
Q

meningitis infant

A

fever
poor feeding
vomiting
irritability
seizures
high pitch cry
bulging fontanelle
nuchal rigidity

51
Q

meningitis older

A

s/s abrupt
fever
chills
HA
vomiting
alertation in sensorium
irrituability
agitated
photophobia
seizure
coma
nuchal rigidity
- pos kernig and budunzki

52
Q

kernig

A

knee up and resistance or pain when fully extended

53
Q

brudskinski

A

head down to chest and knees bend and come up

54
Q

lumbar puncture for bacterial

A

decrease gluc
increase protein

55
Q

lumbar puncture for viral

A

normal to high gluc
normal to low protein

56
Q

tx bac meningitis

A

antibiotics

57
Q

tx viral meningitis

A

antibiotics until bacterial is ruled out
supportive
- dark room
- decrease stim
- minimal noise

58
Q

main goal of hydrocehlapus

A

reduce ICP
preserve CNS function

59
Q

t/f a shunt infection is a medical emergency

A

yes

60
Q

s/s of shunt malfunction

A

increase ICP
worsening neuro status
change in LOC

61
Q

early s/s of shunt issue

A

diplopia
ha
n/v
vertigo
vs changes
non reactive pupils
sunsetting eyes
change in LOC

62
Q

early s/s of shunt issue
- infant

A

diplopia
ha
n/v
vertigo
vs changes
non reactive pupils
sunsetting eyes
change in LOC

*irritability
bulging font
wide sutures
dilated scalp veins
high pitch cry

63
Q

late sign of shunt malformation

A

decrease in LOC
seizures
cushings triad
fixed and dilated

64
Q

incidence of shunt infection/malformation

A

80% of children have infection with in 6 mo of placement

65
Q

how do we assess infants for hydrocephalus

A

measure and compare head circumference

66
Q

post op common complication after shunt

A

vomitting since ICP is being released rapidly

67
Q

myelocele

A

fluid protruding

68
Q

meningocele

A

nerves proturidung

69
Q

meningomycelocele

A

fluid and nerves

70
Q

why might kids with neural tube defects have latex allergies

A

multiple surgical produedures

71
Q

nursing considerations for neural tube defects

A

prone position
- can’t have anything putting pressure on sac
transfer
moist sterile gauze over topw

72
Q

will there be paralysis below defect for neural tube issues

A

yes

73
Q

when is neural tube fixed

A

24-48 hours

74
Q

post op management of neural tube

A

I&O
- 12-24 hour after surgery has decrease output and want to make sure it reestablishes
prone
keep diaper away
watch for infection
PROM = PT

75
Q

nursing considerations for neural tube

A

increase fiber and fluid due to risk for constipaiton
caloric intake since at risk for obesity
immunizations
seizure disorder after vaccination: normal
increase protein and iron
UTI

76
Q

if you are straight Cath yourself do you have to be sterile

A

no

77
Q

CP characterized by

A

early onset and impaired movement and posture

78
Q

what is the most common permeant physical disability in childhood

A

CP

79
Q

s/s of CP

A

poor head control
stiff of rigid limbs
arching back
floppy tone
unable to sit w/o support at age 8 mo
persistent primitive infantile reflexes

80
Q

earliest cue of CP

A

moro beyond 4 mo
tonic neck belong 6 mo

81
Q

behavior s/s of CP

A

no smiling by age 3
feeding difficulties

82
Q

what type of seizure can look like daydreaming

A

absence

83
Q

when do we need to check electrolytes, BS, and ABG, temp and BP for status epi

A

15 min

84
Q

to help maintain airway what might be helpful during a seizure

A

jaw thrust

85
Q

what is the first line defense for seizures

A

benzo

86
Q

parent education for seizure meds

A

do not stop

87
Q

what gender more likely has issues with neural tube

A

girls

88
Q

spinda bifida

A

defect that occurs in one or more vertebrae and allows spinal cord to protrude

89
Q

spina bifida nursing dx

A

high risk for infection
bowel incontinence
altered urianry elimination
high risk for ineffective coping
self esteem disturb

90
Q
A

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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