Final Exam Review Flashcards
glasgow coma scale
eyes
motor
verbale
febrile seizure
> 38.5
protect air way
4 mo and under most common
ICP s/s
hydrocephalus exam findings and emergency
visual changes, bounding fontelle, sunset eyes, diplopia
increase icp shunt malformations
conjuct (bacterial, viral, allergic)
bacterial: unilateral, purulent
viral: both, clear
allergic: bilateral, watery stirngy
otis externa
outside, swimmers ear, forgien body
otis media
bulging TM
bacterial infection can precede
inside ear
cleft lip and palate
can be bilateral or unilateral and one or the other and both
protect suture post op, supine
lip first and have to be weaned from bottle for palate (1 year)
keep upright and give breaks
breast feeding works
tolsinectomy
no red fluids
excessive swallowing is bleeding
don’t put anything back there
worse retractions
suprasternal
s/s of resp distress in infants
grunting
flaring
retreating
preschool s/s of resp distress
tripod
don’t retract as much since intercostal are more developed
thumb sign
epiglottis
- don’t put tongue blade
cystic fibrosis
autosomal rescessive
increase mucus production
3 S of asthma
squeezing
- branch dilator
swelling
- steroid
snot
- hydration
considerations for asthma
5/10/5
rule of 2
asthma possible triggers
allergies
dust
dirt
white pine dust
ASD
left to right atria
VSD
left to right ventricle
PDA
aorta to PA
HLHS
absence of mitral and aortic valve and left vent is small
- need PDA
TGV
PA and aorta switch
two parallel systems
need PDA
CoA
constriction of aorta
increase pressure in head and arms and decrease pressure in legs
TOF
pulm stenosis
R vent hyperthrophy
VSD
overriding aorta
tx for tet spells
knee to chest
morphine
why do knee to chest
shunt blood
decrease BP to LE and decrease blood to lungs
Kawasaki
autoimmune proceeded by infection
rash on trunk and peri area
red tongue red throat
cracked lips and finger tips
tx is IVIG 2g/kg 10-12 hours and aspirin
complications is coronary artery ansersym
iron def anemia
increase milk decrease nutrition
microcytic and pale
hbg is low
decrease ferritin
more prone is less than 2 due to increase milk
B12/folate
macrocytic
decrease hbg
thalassemia
iron level normal
decrease hbg
poor hbg structure
hyperbili
physiologic: break down of fetal hbg
pathologic: hemolysis
- ABO, RH
phototherapy is treatment and stripped down to diaper so watch temp
bill makes them tired so watch hydration
dangerous locations of vascooculsive
lungs and spleen
sickle cell possible triggers
decrease o2
stress
dehydration
treatment of sickle cell
pain med
- occurs in the joints
hydration
o2
hydroxyurea
aplastic anemia
lysis
triggered by infection
decrease folic acid
decrease production and increase lysis
s/s of cancer
fatigue
anemia
cahcesixa
diagnosis of ALL
bone marrow aspiration and LP: more defeintiitve
CBC: increase WBC
ANC
s/s of osteosarcoma
pain and limp
common age of osteosarcoma
rapid growth 13-14
common XR finding for osteosarcoma
starburst and sunburst
wilms tumor
unilateral kidney on the right side
commonly found in bath
neuroblastoma s/s
neuro and behavioral
- headache, confusion, unstable gait
tumor lysis syndrome
treatment of tumor with in 24-48 hours more common in bigger tumors
decrease ca
increase phos, pot, uric
neutropenic precautions
no honey, fruit, fresh flowers, we glove gown and mask
individual room
- they cannot fight infection cause theybahev small and defective neutrophils
what patient may be paired with the nurse who has neutropenic precautions
no bacterial or viral infection
- maybe broken leg
output for infant and up
infant is weigh the dipaers
and up is the hat
IV rate
4-2-1
- 4 ml/kg up to 10
- 2ml/kg up 10-20
- 1ml/kg above 20
breast milk storage
rule of 4
4 hour on counter
4 days in fridge
4 months in freezer
formula until
1 year
whole milk until
2
low fat milk
2+
when to give rice cereal
6 mo
toddler food
small and frequent meals high in protein
types of dehydration
isotonic
hypotonic
- loses sodium
hypertonic
- loses water
considerations for IVF
watch IV site
what is hard on kidney
mycin
hirschrpung disease
aganglionic mega color
no ganglion cells so absence of peristalsis
bilious vomit
biopsy
appendicitis
rebound tenderness, RLQ, radiate
- ampicillin, gentamycin, flagyl
pyloric stenosis
projective vomit
increase size of the pyloric muscle
hypospaidus
ventral
bottom
nephrotic syndrome pee
mostly protein
nephritic pee
tea color
more blood
UTI
frequency, dysuria, hesitaceny, retention, foul odor, abx
precocious puberty
8-10
see secondary sex characteristics
when to give growth hormone
at night
hypothyroidism
obese, cold intol, sleepy
hyperthyroidism
thin, increase BP and HR, hot intl, thin
Addisons disease
decrease cortisol
type 1 vs 2
1: autoimmune
2: resistant
carb ratio
carbs / ratio = insulin
correction
actual - target = X / correction = insulin
cast care
noting down it
plaster dry for 2 days so handle with palms
check NV 5 p’s
Perthes disease
decrease in vascular to epicondyle head so decrease o2 leads to necrosis
self limiting especially if held in place
osteomyletis
infection
IV abx 4-6 weeks
elevated sed rate
scoliosis
s or c shaped curve
>10 degrees
seen in adol and periods of rapid growth
accidental burns
scald with splash
touch
suspicious burns
glove
no splash
sharp demark
estimating burn %
rule of 9
palm
parkland formula
4mL x % x kg = 24 hour amount first 50% in 8 hours, second 50% in 16 hours
JUST REPLACEMENT NOT MAINTENCE
nutritional for burns
increase cal protein and fatty acids
priority with brn
airway
pediculosis capitis
lice, dandruff that sticks
found on back of neck and behind ears
can live off of the head for 72 hours
peticuloide and repeat 7-10 days for the nits and go through with fine tooth comb
if on second treatment there is nothing = School
if on second tx and there is something = cannot go to school and have to do a second treatment
tinea corporis
ringworm on the body, circular that expands
selenium sulfide shampoo and let sit
scabies
4 weeks later get s/s
web like rash
skin to skin and sex
scabicide
anithist for itching
contact dermatitis
leathery skin
keep skin moist
ointment>cream>lotion
LP findings for meningitis
decrease glucose: bacteria
WBC for both
immunizations passive vs active
chicken pox causal
varicella
5th
human parovirus B19
measles
morbiliviris
mono
EBV
pertusis
bordetella
mengionococus
nesreria
call posion center and er
common type of posion
cleaning and household
treamtn for posion
activated charcoal
age most at risk for posion
1-4
number one social determinant for health
poverty
how to know if able to give med safely
watch
tyelenol safe dose
10-15
PCA age
6 and can self report
