ENT Book Flashcards
bacterial conjuct s/s
purulent drainage
crusty eyes
viral conjuct s/s
watery discharge
allergic conjuct s/s
stringy watery discharge
cobblestone apperence
foreign body conjuct s/s
one eye affected
bacterial conjuct tx
eye drops
-fluorquninoles
viral conjuct tx
comfort and acyclovir
alergic conjuct tx
antihistamines
foreign body conjuct tx
oral anitbioitcs
periorbital cellulitis
bacterial infection of the eyelid and surrounding tissues
periorbital cellulitis cause
staph or strep
periorbital cellulitis s/s
red/purple eye lid
swollen
tender
painful or restricted movement s
periorbital cellulitis tx
IV antibiotics
hot pack
periorbital cellulitis complications
abscess behind orbit or bacterial meningitis
strabismus
- estropia
inward
strabismus
- extropia
outward
strabismus s/s
eyes appear misaligned
squinting
closing one eye to read
having trouble picking up objects
dizziness
head ache
strabismus tx
occlusion therapy (eye patch)
compensatory lens
surgery of muscle
eye drops that cause blurring of good eye
ROP
when premature blood vessel in retina constricts and becomes necrotic which causes abnormalities of the retina, optic disc, and macular
ROP risk factors
low birth weight
short gesation
supplemental O2 or ventilation
ROP degree of visual loss is determined by
revasularization
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
otitis media is believed to be caused by
eusthaian tube dysfunction
why does OM cause after URI
URI causes mucous membranes of the eustachian tube to become edemeatous which results in blocked air flow and the fluid is pulled from mucosal lining into former air space providing medium for growth
OM s/s
acute onset of pain
bulging of the tympanic membrane
D/V/F
irritability
first line tx for OM
amoxicillin
how to avoid OM
bottle propping
decrease second hand smoke
OM risk factors
child care center
tobacco
propping
OE
inflammation of skin surrounding soft tissue of ear canal
AKA: swimmers ear
OE s/s
drainage may be vissible with broken TM or tubes
pain
itching
irritated canal
OE treatment
steroid ear drops
antibiotic ear drops
Ibuprofen/tylenol: pain
OE education
no swimming for 5 days
tympanovstomy tubes
small tube placed in the tympanic membrane
tympanovstomy tubes education
- after surgery
increase fluids
regular diet
pain medication
ear drops if prescribed
quite activites
tympanovstomy tubes education
- post op peroid
follow instructions on swimming
use of ear plugs to prevent water
alert if dislodged or falling out
report purulent drainage
epitaxis w
- what one is more dangerous
posterior
how do we know a posterior or anterior bleed
observe the flow
if its confined to one nostril what bleed
more likely anterior but could also be posterior
if blunt head trauma occurred what type of bleed
posterior
treatment for anterior nose bleed
sit up right with head tilted forward
squeeze below the nasal bone for 10-15 mins
if not stopping take a cotton ball soaked in vasconstribticting meds
treatment for posterior nose bleed
packing
epitaxial education
more vulnerable for nose bleeds for 3-4 days
don’t bend over
no strenuous exercise
no hot drinks or shower
sleep with HOB elecated
humidifier
epitaxis common cause
irritation
low humidity
forceful coughing
allergies
infection
sinusitis
inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses
- persistent cough
-malodorus breath
- hyponasal speach
amoxicillin
pharyngitis
infection that affects the pharynx and tonsils
bacterial pharyngitis
strep throat
- GABHS
pharyngitis viral s/s
sore throat
minimal redness
pain
low grade fever
pharyngitis bacterial s/s
purulent drainage
white patches
pharyngitis bacterial
strep first line of med
penicillin
- if allergic use a -mycin
pharyngitis bacterial complications
if untreated will lead to rheumatic fever
sinusitis
glomerulonephritis
meningitis
tonsilitis
infection inflammation of the tonsils
adenoids
lymphatic tissue located on the posterior pharyngeal wall
tonsilitis diagnosis
sore throat
>38.3
cervcial andeopathy
tonsils exudate
positive GABHS
tonsillectomy considerations
7/1, 5/2, 3/3
peritonsilar abscess, airway obstructive, unresponsive to meds, multiple antibiotic allergies
tonsillectomy after care
ice collar
cold fluids (decreased spasms)
increase fluids
Tylenol
no Motrin or codeine
tonsillectomy infection
38.8
NOT:
- low grade fever or white with odor, this is normal
should we suction after tonsillectomy
NO
bleeding s/s of tonsillectomy
frequent swallowing or cleaning throat
do we depress tongue in tonsillectomy
no
ENT Peds differences
neonate 20/100-20/400
neonate sees best at 20 cm
optic nerve is not myelinated so decreased color distinguishing
binocularity 2-4 months
nysaagmus is common in Neo
corona is larger so easily injured
iris is blue/gray but changes during first 6 mo
6-7 is when 20/20
test for color blindness at 5 years old
eusthanian tube is shorter, wider, more horizontal
auditory function at 5 mo
nasal breathing at 6 mo
strong mouth muscles for sucking and swallowing and speech
6 mo 1st tooth
2 years 20 primary teeth
