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Pediatrics > GI PowerPoint > Flashcards

GI PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

is liver function mature at birth

A

no its immature

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2
Q

enzymes are deficient until when

A

4-6 mo

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3
Q

is abdominal distention common with infants

A

yes

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4
Q

is the stomach smaller at birth

A

yes
30 days ~ 90mL
1 year ~ 360mL

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5
Q

when do you develop control over swallowing

A

6 weeks

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6
Q

before 6 weeks swallowing is a

A

reflex
- suck, swallow, breathe

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7
Q

who has higher peristalsis infants or older child

A

newborn

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8
Q

why do newborns have higher peristalsis amounts

A

high metabolism

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9
Q

high peristalsis leads to

A

looser and more frequent stools

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10
Q

why do infants have regurgitation

A

cardiac sphincter is relaexed

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11
Q

when will the digestive process be completed

A

2nd year

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12
Q

will you always have cleft lip and palate or can it be separate

A

it can be separate or together

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13
Q

cleft lip/palate defintion

A

failure of the maxillary process to fuse between 5 - 12 weeks gestation

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14
Q

cause of cleft lip/palate

A

unknown

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15
Q

cleft lip/palate surgery

A

done in phases
1. lip first to help with eating
2. palate second

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16
Q

the palate cannot be corrected until

A

they are able to eat not via a bottle
since the surgery is similar to a wisdom teeth

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17
Q

lip defect surgery age

A

3-5 mo

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18
Q

palate defect surgery age

A

12 mo

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19
Q

rule of 10 for cleft lip/palate

A

over 10 weeks
over 10lbs
hemoglobin over 10

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20
Q

Logan bow

A

little cage that protects the suture line and allows to heal

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21
Q

what is placed during a procedure of cleft lip/palate repair

A

NG/OG

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22
Q

complications of cleft lip/cleft palate

A

speech defects
dental problems
nasal defects
alteration of hearing
shock/guilt from parents

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23
Q

cleft lip/palate risks

A

aspiration
URI
OM

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24
Q

why is surgery for the palate done by 12 mo

A

decrease effect on speech development

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25
Q

cleft lip/palate prognosis

A

good

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26
Q

ESSR

A

elevate/enlarge
stimulate
swallow
rest

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27
Q

ESSR
- elevate

A

sit up other wise milk goes into nose

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28
Q

ESSR
- stimulate

A

cannot form own seals so stimulate tongue, push tongue down with nipple to attempt them to suck and then swallow and then rest

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29
Q

what type of feeding works well for CL/P

A

breastfeeding

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30
Q

pyloric stenosis age and race and gender

A

6-8 wks
full tern caucasian male

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31
Q

pyloric stenosis defintion

A

partial obstruction of lumen of the stomach muscle becomes inflamed becoming edematous, narrowing of opening leading to complete obstruction

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32
Q

pyloric stenosis cause

A

unknown
- maybe immature absent ganglion cells in pylorus, genetics

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33
Q

pyloric stenosis occurs between

A

stomach and duodenum

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34
Q

pyloric stenosis s/s

A

projective vomiting
dehydration
m alk
failure to thrive

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35
Q

pyloric stenosis blood tests

A

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
anemia

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36
Q

pyloric stenosis
- olive sized bulge below the

A

right costal margin

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37
Q

pyloric stenosis
- peristaltic waves

A

visible

38
Q

pyloric stenosis
- vomiting and when

A

projective during or shortly after eating

39
Q

pyloric stenosis
- after vomit

A

resumes eating

40
Q

pyloric stenosis
- weight gain or weight loss

A

poor weight gain
weight loss

41
Q

pyloric stenosis
- malnutrition s/s?

A

yes

42
Q

pyloric stenosis
- irritible?

A

yes

43
Q

pyloric stenosis
- treatment surgery

A

pyloromyotomy

44
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

release of muscles to allow the passage of food
- laparoscopic

45
Q

pyloromyotomy
- post op

A

PO 4-6 hr
small frequent feeding
formula 24 hr
monitor hydration
prevent infection

46
Q

intussusception defintion

A

telescoping or invagination of one proportion of intestine into another

walls of the intestine rub together causing inflammation, edema, and decrease blood flow

47
Q

intussusception
- cause

A

unknown

48
Q

intussusception
- s/s

A

usually abrupt
pain
current jelly, blood and mucus, stools

49
Q

intussusception
- what part of intensive

A

large intestine, ascending colon at ileocecal valve

50
Q

intussusception
- complications

A

necrosis
perforation
peritonitis

51
Q

intussusception
- tx

A

barium enema will fix the telescoping

52
Q

GERD

A

long term effect of GER for over a year

53
Q

GER
- three mechanisms

A

lower esophageal relaxation
incompetent lower esophageal sphinceter
anatomic disruption of esophagogastric junction

54
Q

GER
- increase indcience

A

premies, CP, BPD

55
Q

GERrisk

A

aspiration
resp illness
color change during feeding

56
Q

GER on probe you will see

A

inflammation of esophageal wall

57
Q

GER pH probe

A

PH of 4 means acid contents

58
Q

GER s/s

A

irritability
vomiting
wt loss
recurrent pneumonia
apnea
coughing and wheezing

59
Q

GER resolves by when in most infants

A

1 year

60
Q

do we use H2 blockers

A

not for infant or young child

61
Q

GER nursing consideration

A

upright 30 min after feeding
small frequent feedings ~2 1/2-3 hr
don’t bounce around after eat
change diaper before

62
Q

GER surgical treatment

A

Nissen Fundoplication
fundus is wrapped around the esophagus

63
Q

omphalocele

A

congectinal defect, abdominal contents herniate through the umbilical cord

64
Q

where are intestines grown and when do they migrate

A

outside the abdomen, 10 wks

65
Q

omphalocele is it covered

A

yes by a sac

66
Q

omphalocele
- 80% have

A

cognetical abnormalities

67
Q

difference between omphalocele and gastroschsis
- sac
- originated
- repair
- defect

A

omphalocele: sac
gastroschsis: no sac

omphalocele: originate in umbilical cord
gastroschsis: right of umbilicus

omphalocele:repair in 1 day
gastroschisis: repair immediately

omphalocele: congenital defect
gastroschisis: defect of abdominal wall

68
Q

gastroschisis

A

defect of the abdominal wall

69
Q

gastroschisis location

A

right of umbilicus

70
Q

gastroschisis membrane

A

no

71
Q

gastroschisis how delivered

A

c section

72
Q

what one is considered a sealed defect

A

omphalocele

73
Q

nursing care for gastroschisis

A

protect the defect
place in sterile, plastic bag

74
Q

Hirschsprung disease/aganglionic megacolon defintion

A

congenital absence of ganglion cell in the distal bowel
- absence of ganglion cells = no peristalsis

75
Q

Hirschsprung disease/aganglionic megacolon
- s/s

A

abdominal distention
vomiting
dehydration
billious vomiting
no mec passage within 24-36 hours

76
Q

Hirschsprung disease/aganglionic megacolon
- ABD XRAY

A

dissented bowel loops at site of defect

77
Q

Hirschsprung disease/aganglionic megacolon
- tx

A

surgery and pull defect out and attach healthy bowel to anus

78
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- common causes

A

camping
drinking untreated water
exposire to pets, wildlife
- uncovered sand box

79
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- tx

A

antihelmintic/ antiparasite

80
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- transmission

A

fecal oral

81
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- nursing management

A

good hygiene
- after tolitening and when handling food

82
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- nursing education to parent

A

finish the prescription as directed
- same as antibiotics

83
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- etiology

A

eggs hatch in upper intestine, and mature and migrate to the colon and mate, migrate up and feed on intestinal content, live up to 2 weeks outside before entering body, lay eggs in anus

84
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- s/s

A

itchy butt
mild fever
gastroenteritis
diarrhea
wt loss

85
Q

intestinal parasitic disease
- diagnostic test

A

stool sample

86
Q

acute appendicitis

A

instructive disease, inflammation which worsens obstruction
occurs where small meets large

87
Q

acute appendicitis
-s/s

A

referred pain
mcburneys point
guarding
rigidity
rebound tenderness

88
Q

acute appendicitis
- who has ruptured

A

less than 3

89
Q

acute appendicitis
- when do we do laparoscopic

A

want to treat infection before surgery to recovery faster

90
Q

acute appendicitis
- non rupture tx

A

antibiotics for 1 week and do blood work
WBC >15 and bands

91
Q

acute appendicitis
- rupture tx

A

removal

92
Q
A

Pediatrics (37 decks)

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