Psychology - Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ testing - important terms Flashcards
What is a child prodigy?
An individual who displays astounding intellectual achievements at an early age.
What is an intelligence test?
Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability
What are higher mental processes?
Include reasoning, understanding and judgement.
What is abstract thinking?
The capacity to understand hypothetical concepts, rather than concepts in the here and now.
Most experts agree that whatever intelligence is, it has something to do with ______ thinking.
abstract
What is general intelligence (g)?
Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people.
What are specific abilities (s)?
Particular ability level in a narrow domain
What is fluid intelligence?
Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems.
What is crystallize intelligence?
Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time.
- ex: answering trivia
What are multiple intelligences?
Idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
What is existential intelligence?
The ability to grasp deep philosophical ideas, like the meaning of life.
What is the triarchic model?
Model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence:
- analytical
- practical
- creative
What is analytical intelligence?
The ability to reason logically.
i.e. booksmarts
What is practical intelligence?
Aka tacit intelligence
The ability to solve real-world problems, especially those involving other people
i.e. street smarts
What is creative intelligence?
Creativity
Our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions
What is the double curse of incompetence?
Stupid people think they are smarter than they actually are
What is metacognition?
Knowledge of our own knowledge
What is the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Standford University
What is IQ?
Intelligence quotient
Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
How is IQ calculated?
Divide mental age by chronological age and multiply the resulting number by 100
What is mental age?
Age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test.
What is deviation IQ?
Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers
- used when computing IQ for adults
What is eugenics?
Movement in the early 20th century to improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce (positive eugenics) and discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing (negative eugenics), or both.
What is the Wechsler adult intelligence scale?
Most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities.
What are culture-fair IQ tests?
Abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests.
What is mental energy?
The ability to focus on difficult problems for long periods of time.
What is health literacy?
The ability to understand health-related information, such as instructions from doctors or on drug labels.
What is the threshold effect?
Implies that above a certain level of IQ, intelligence is no longer predictive of important real-world accomplishments.
What is a bell-curve?
Distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores fall toward the middle, with progressively fewer scores towards the “tails” or extremes
What is assortative mating?
The tendency of individuals with similar genes to have children.
What is an intellectual disability?
Condition characterized by:
- onset prior to adulthood
- IQ below 70
- inability to engage in adequate daily functioning
What are family studies?
Study which allow us to examine the extent to which a trait runs or goes together in intact families.
Family studies do not allow us to distinguish the effects of _______ from those of the _______.
genes
environment
What is selective placement?
Adoption agencies often place children in homes similar to those of the biological parents.
What is the Flynn effect?
Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately 3 points per decade
What is within-group heritability?
Extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced.
What is between-group heratibility?
Extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced.
What is test bias?
Tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another.
What is stereotype threat?
Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype
What is divergent thinking?
Capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem.
What is convergent thinking?
Capacity to generate the single, best solution to a problem
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to understand our emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives.
