Chapter 15 - Important concepts

Question 1

Psychopathologists examine breakdowns in adaptation to help them understand healthy functioning

Answer 1

failure-analysis approach

Question 2

What are the 5 criteria for a mental disorder?

Answer 2

Statistical rarity
Subjective distress
Impairment
Societal disapproval
Biological dysfunction

Question 3

Mental disorders share a loose set of features.

Answer 3

family resemblance view

Question 4

Asylum was part of what model?

Answer 4

Medical

Question 5

The use of snake pits was completed for which model?

Answer 5

Medical

Question 6

Exorcism

Answer 6

Demonic model

Question 7

Free or low cost care facilitaties in which people can obtain treatment

Answer 7

community health care centers/halfway houses

Question 8

Specific to one or more societies

Answer 8

culture-bound

Question 9

Fear that you genitals are shrinking into your abdomen

Answer 9

Koro

Question 10

Episodes of intense sadness and brooding followed by uncontrolled behaviour and unprovoked attacks on people or animals

Answer 10

amok

Question 11

Psychiatric diagnoses:
1 - _______ the psychological problem a person is facing
2 - Make it _____ for mental health professionals to communicate

Answer 11

pinpoint

easier

Question 12

What are 4 misconceptions about psychiatric diagnoses?

Answer 12

1) Pigeonholing
2) unreliable
3) invalid
4) Stigmatize people

Question 13

the extent to which different raters agree on a patient’s diagnosis

Answer 13

interrater reliability

Question 14

Rule out medically induced psychological disorders prior to diagnosis.

Answer 14

Think organic

Question 15

Percentage of people in a population with a disorder.

Answer 15

prevalence

Question 16

Acknowledges the interplay of biological, psychological and social influences.

Answer 16

biopsychosocial approach

Question 17

As student’s become more familiar with pathologes, the become more aware and paranoid of bodily processes

Answer 17

medical student’s syndrome

Question 18

What is the most common anxiety disorder?

Answer 18

phobia

Question 19

Faking mental illness

Answer 19

malingering

Question 20

condition marked by motor tics, and vocal tics

Answer 20

tourette’s disorder

Question 21

Depression is less common in _____ people than in ______ people.

Answer 21

older, younger

Question 22

Who came up with this?
People with depression often elicit hostility and rejection from others, which in turn maintains or worsens their depression.
People with depression seek excessive reassurance and tend to stir up negative feelings in others.

Answer 22

Coyne

Question 23

Proposes that depression results from a low rate of response-contingent positive reinforcement

Answer 23

behavioural model (Lewinson)

Question 24

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations.

Answer 24

cognitive model of depression

Question 25

Three components of depressed thinking:

negative view of: oneself, the world, the future

Answer 25

cognitive triad

Question 26

skewed ways of thinking - legit think of nightmare glasses

Answer 26

cognitive distortions

Question 27

seen in more mild cases of depression - these individuals have a more accurate view of circumstances

Answer 27

depressive realism

Question 28

people who are not depressed tend to have less realistic expectations of their capacities

Answer 28

illusory control

Question 29

Depressed persons tend to think their failures are general and fixed aspects of their personalities

Answer 29

global-stable

Question 30

What might be the stress gene?

Answer 30

Serotonin transporter gene

Question 31

Depression seems to be linked to low levels of the NT ________; diminished _________ resulting in in decreased _________ volume; and decreased ________ levels.

Answer 31

norepineprhine
neurogenesis
hippocampal
dopamine

Question 32

Among the most genetically influenced of all mental disorders.
Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors, decreased sensitivity of serotonin receptors

Answer 32

bipolar disorder

Question 33

Those with bipolar disorder:

increased activity in the _______, and decreased activity in the _______ cortex

Answer 33

amygdala

prefrontal cortex

Question 34

What is the single best predictor for suicide?

Answer 34

A previous attempt

Question 35

Psychopaths may be bored and seek out excitement, a phenomenon called what?

Answer 35

stimulus hunger

Question 36

The sense that the external world is strange or unreal, often accompanies both depersonalization and panic attacks

Answer 36

derealization

Question 37

arises from history of severe abuse during childhood; can feel the abuse happening to someone else

Answer 37

PTM

Question 38

people’s expectancies and beliefs, rather than early traumas, account for the origin and maintenance of DID

Answer 38

SCM

Question 39

repeat a phrase in a conversation in a parrot-like manner

Answer 39

echoladia

Question 40

A schizophrenic is most likely to relapse when the family is critical, hostile or overinvolved which is called?

Answer 40

expressed emotion

Question 41

Schizophrenics have:

• enlarged ______
• increased in _____ size
• decrease in the size of the ______ lobe, and activation of the _______ and ________
• decrease in the ________ of the brain hemispheres

Answer 41

ventricles
sulci
temporal, amygdala, hippocampus
symmetry

Question 42

Simple excess of dopamine causes schizophrenic symptoms

Answer 42

dopamine hypothesis

Question 43

Children with persistent irritability and frequent behaviour outbursts

Answer 43

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder