Chapter 9 - Key Words

Question 1

Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability.

Answer 1

Intelligence test

Question 2

Capacity to undrestand hypothetical concepts

Answer 2

Abstract thinking

Question 3

Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

Answer 3

g (general intelligence)

Question 4

Particular ability level in a narrow domain

Answer 4

s (specific abilities)

Question 5

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

Answer 5

fluid intelligence

Question 6

Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time.

Answer 6

crystallized intelligence

Question 7

Idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill

Answer 7

Multiple intelligences

Question 8

Model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligenece: analytical, practical and creative.

Answer 8

Triarchic model

Question 9

Intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University.

Answer 9

Stanford-Binet IQ test

Question 10

Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence.

Answer 10

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 11

Age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test

Answer 11

mental age

Question 12

Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers

Answer 12

Deviation IQ

Question 13

Movement in the early twentieth century to improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing, or both

Answer 13

eugenics

Question 14

Most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities.

Answer 14

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 15

Abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests

Answer 15

culture-fair IQ test

Question 16

Distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores falls toward the middle, with progressively fewer scores toward the “tails” or extremes

Answer 16

bell curve

Question 17

Condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

Answer 17

intellectural disability

Question 18

Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade

Answer 18

Flynn effect

Question 19

Extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced

Answer 19

within-group heritability

Question 20

Extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

Answer 20

Between-group heritability

Question 21

Tendency of a test to predict outcomes in one group better than in another

Answer 21

test bias

Question 22

Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype

Answer 22

stereotype threat

Question 23

Capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem

Answer 23

Divergent thinking

Question 24

Capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem

Answer 24

Convergent thinking

Question 25

Ability to understand our own emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives

Answer 25

emotional intelligence