Psych Chapter 3-Endocrine system Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
Separate from the nervous system but works with it, consists of glands that release hormones.
What are hormones?
Released by endocrine glands, secreted into the blood, outlast neurotransmitters in their effects.
What is the pituitary gland?
Under the control of the hypothalamus. Secretes oxytocin, releases a variety of other hormones.
What are the adrenal glands?
Emergency centres of the body. Located atop the kidneys. Manufacture adrenaline?
What is adrenaline?
Boosts energy production in muscle cells, thrusting them into action, while conserving as much energy as possible.
What is the signal to release adrenaline?
Nerves of the sympathetic (think fight-or-flight) signal the adrenal gland to release adrenaline.
What actions does adrenaline trigger?
1- Contraction of our heart muscle and vasoconstriction 2- opening of the bronchioles 3 - breakdown of fat into fatty acids 4- breakdown of glycogen into glucose 5- opening of pupils 6- inhibits gastrointestinal secretions
What is cortisol?
Like adrenaline, cortisol increases in response to physical and psychological stressors. Some anxiety disorders due to elevated levels of cortisol. Regulates cardiovascular function and the body’s use of macromolecules.
What is the female sex hormone?
Estrogen
Where is estrogen manufactured?
The ovaries.
Where is testosterone manufactured?
Testes
What is the male sex hormone?
Testosterone
