Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and Coping

Question 1

the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor - a type of stimulus - strains our ability to cope effectively

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

Answer 2

primary appraisal

Question 3

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

Answer 3

secondary appraisal

Question 4

coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on

Answer 4

problem-focused coping

Question 5

coping strategy that features a posiitve outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reudce painful emotions

Answer 5

emotion-focused coping

Question 6

stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

Answer 6

corticosteroid

Question 7

minnor annoyance or nuissance that strains our ability to cope

Answer 7

hassle

Question 8

stress response pattern proposed by Hanse Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 8

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 9

physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defened themselves (flight) or escape (flee) a threatening situation

Answer 9

fight-or-flight response

Question 10

reaction that mobilizes people to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress

Answer 10

tend and befriend response

Question 11

our body’s defence system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances

Answer 11

immune system

Question 12

a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damges the immune system

Answer 12

AIDS

Question 13

study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system

Answer 13

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 14

inflamed area in the GI tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite

Answer 14

peptic ulcer

Question 15

illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravated the physical condition

Answer 15

psychophysiological

Question 16

the view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factor

Answer 16

biopsychosocial perspective

Question 17

damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteris that provide oxygen to the heart

Answer 17

CHD - coronary heart disease

Question 18

Personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious

Answer 18

Type A personality

Question 19

relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources

Answer 19

social support

Question 20

anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping

Answer 20

proactive coping

Question 21

set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances

Answer 21

hardiness

Question 22

search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God

Answer 22

spirituality

Question 23

field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine

Answer 23

health psychology

Question 24

exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body

Answer 24

aerobic exercise

Question 25

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

Answer 25

alternative medicine

Question 26

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

Answer 26

complementary medicine

Question 27

feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature

Answer 27

biofeedback

Question 28

a variety of practices that train attention and awareness

Answer 28

meditation

Question 29

ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body

Answer 29

acupuncture

Question 30

remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences

Answer 30

homeopathic medicine