Chapter 16 - Important Concepts Flashcards
_______ are more likely to seek treatment than _____.
women, men
Individuals of _____ and _____ minority are less likely to seek mental health services compared to whites.
racial, ethnic
Who benefits most from treatment?
Motivated individuals
What are the six primary approaches in psychodynamic therapy?
Free association interpretation dream analysis resistance transference working through
Instruct patients to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how meaningless it may appear
free association
From the client’s string of free associations, the analyst forms hypotheses regarding the origin of the client’s difficulties and share them with him or her as the therapeutic relationship evolves
interpretation
According to Freud, dreams express unconscious themes that influence the client’s conscious life
Dream analysis
Attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions and impulses
Can resist by skipping sesions, or drawing blanks when asked about it
resistance
Projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the patient’s past onto the therapist
transference
Help patient process their problems
working through
According to Carl Jung, the goal of psychotherapy is ________: the integration of opposing aspects of the personality into harmonious whole - the self
individuation
the analysts proper role is that of a participant observer
interpersonal psychotherapy
Are traumatic events truly repressed, causing difficulties?
no
Therapists stress the importance of assuming responsibilities for our decisions, not attributing our problems to the past, and living fully and finding meaning in the present
Humanistic therapy
Non-judgemental acceptance of all feelings the client expresses. What is it? What therapy?
unconditional positive regard
person-centred
mirroring back the clients feelings
reflection (person-centred)
therapists ask clients to move from chair to chair, creating a dialogue with two conflicting aspects of their personality
two-chair technique (Gestalt therapy)
Composed of peers who share a similar problem, often do not include a professional mental illness specialist
self-help groups (group therapy)
Well I guess I’m back to drinking again
abstinence violation effect
Treatment assumes that many people with alcoholism will at some point experience a relapse, or slip, and resume drinking
relapse prevention
techniques to pinpoint environmental causes of the person’s problems, establish specific and measurable treatment goals, and devise therapeutic approaches
behavioural assessment
Desensitization is based on the principle of _______ _______: clients cannot experience two conflicting responses simultaneously.
i.e. cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time
reciprocal inhibition
pairing of incompatible relaxation responses with anxiety
counterconditioning
ladder of situations that climbs from least to most anxiety provoking
anxiety hierarchy
Research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment
dismantling
Jump to the top of the anxiety hierarchy and expose clients to images of the stumuli they fear the most for prolonged periods, often for an hour or even several hours
flooding
technique in which therapists prevent clients performing their typical avoidance behaviour
response prevention
What is the most crucial component of flooding?
Response prevention
What is the name for response prevention for OCD?
Ritual prevention
therapists teach clients to avoid extreme reactions to other’s unreasonable demands, such as submissiveness on the one hand and aggressiveness on the other
assertion training
Client engages in role playing with a therapist to learn and practice new skills
behavioural rehearsal
treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviours
Aversion therapies
Psychologically unhealthy individuals frequently engage in catastrophic thinking about their problems - this therapy tries to treat it
Rational emotive therapy
therapists teach clients to prepare for and cope with future stressful life events
Stress inoculation training
Teach clients that negative thoughts are merely thoughts, not facts, and encourage them to accept and tolerate the full range of their feelings and act in keeping with their goals and values
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Addresses the dialectic – apparent contradiction between opposing tendencies - of chancing problematic behaviour and accepting it
Dialectical behavioural therapy
treatments that integrate techniques and theories from more than one existing approach
Eclectic approaches
Verdict that psychotherapies are not effective
dodo bird verdict
refers to the sharp cleft between psychologists who view psychotherapy as more an art than a science and those who believe that clinical practice should primarily reflect well-replicated scientific findings
Scientist-practitioner gap
a serious side effect of some older anti-psychotic medications used to treat shcizo and other psychoses
Symptoms include grotesque involuntary movements of the facial muscles and mouth and twitching of the neck, arms, and legs
tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesia generally occurs after _____ years of ____-dosage treatment
several, high
prescribing many medications – sometimes five or more – at the same time
polypharmacy
ECT increase the level of ________ in the brain and stimulates growth of brain cells in the _________
serotonin
hippocampus
