Chapter 16 - Important Concepts

Question 1

_______ are more likely to seek treatment than _____.

Answer 1

women, men

Question 2

Individuals of _____ and _____ minority are less likely to seek mental health services compared to whites.

Answer 2

racial, ethnic

Question 3

Who benefits most from treatment?

Answer 3

Motivated individuals

Question 4

What are the six primary approaches in psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 4

Free association
interpretation
dream analysis
resistance
transference
working through

Question 5

Instruct patients to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how meaningless it may appear

Answer 5

free association

Question 6

From the client’s string of free associations, the analyst forms hypotheses regarding the origin of the client’s difficulties and share them with him or her as the therapeutic relationship evolves

Answer 6

interpretation

Question 7

According to Freud, dreams express unconscious themes that influence the client’s conscious life

Answer 7

Dream analysis

Question 8

Attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions and impulses
Can resist by skipping sesions, or drawing blanks when asked about it

Answer 8

resistance

Question 9

Projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the patient’s past onto the therapist

Answer 9

transference

Question 10

Help patient process their problems

Answer 10

working through

Question 11

According to Carl Jung, the goal of psychotherapy is ________: the integration of opposing aspects of the personality into harmonious whole - the self

Answer 11

individuation

Question 12

the analysts proper role is that of a participant observer

Answer 12

interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 13

Are traumatic events truly repressed, causing difficulties?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Therapists stress the importance of assuming responsibilities for our decisions, not attributing our problems to the past, and living fully and finding meaning in the present

Answer 14

Humanistic therapy

Question 15

Non-judgemental acceptance of all feelings the client expresses. What is it? What therapy?

Answer 15

unconditional positive regard

person-centred

Question 16

mirroring back the clients feelings

Answer 16

reflection (person-centred)

Question 17

therapists ask clients to move from chair to chair, creating a dialogue with two conflicting aspects of their personality

Answer 17

two-chair technique (Gestalt therapy)

Question 18

Composed of peers who share a similar problem, often do not include a professional mental illness specialist

Answer 18

self-help groups (group therapy)

Question 19

Well I guess I’m back to drinking again

Answer 19

abstinence violation effect

Question 20

Treatment assumes that many people with alcoholism will at some point experience a relapse, or slip, and resume drinking

Answer 20

relapse prevention

Question 21

techniques to pinpoint environmental causes of the person’s problems, establish specific and measurable treatment goals, and devise therapeutic approaches

Answer 21

behavioural assessment

Question 22

Desensitization is based on the principle of _______ _______: clients cannot experience two conflicting responses simultaneously.
i.e. cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time

Answer 22

reciprocal inhibition

Question 23

pairing of incompatible relaxation responses with anxiety

Answer 23

counterconditioning

Question 24

ladder of situations that climbs from least to most anxiety provoking

Answer 24

anxiety hierarchy

Question 25

Research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

Answer 25

dismantling

Question 26

Jump to the top of the anxiety hierarchy and expose clients to images of the stumuli they fear the most for prolonged periods, often for an hour or even several hours

Answer 26

flooding

Question 27

technique in which therapists prevent clients performing their typical avoidance behaviour

Answer 27

response prevention

Question 28

What is the most crucial component of flooding?

Answer 28

Response prevention

Question 29

What is the name for response prevention for OCD?

Answer 29

Ritual prevention

Question 30

therapists teach clients to avoid extreme reactions to other’s unreasonable demands, such as submissiveness on the one hand and aggressiveness on the other

Answer 30

assertion training

Question 31

Client engages in role playing with a therapist to learn and practice new skills

Answer 31

behavioural rehearsal

Question 32

treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviours

Answer 32

Aversion therapies

Question 33

Psychologically unhealthy individuals frequently engage in catastrophic thinking about their problems - this therapy tries to treat it

Answer 33

Rational emotive therapy

Question 34

therapists teach clients to prepare for and cope with future stressful life events

Answer 34

Stress inoculation training

Question 35

Teach clients that negative thoughts are merely thoughts, not facts, and encourage them to accept and tolerate the full range of their feelings and act in keeping with their goals and values

Answer 35

Acceptance and commitment therapy

Question 36

Addresses the dialectic – apparent contradiction between opposing tendencies - of chancing problematic behaviour and accepting it

Answer 36

Dialectical behavioural therapy

Question 37

treatments that integrate techniques and theories from more than one existing approach

Answer 37

Eclectic approaches

Question 38

Verdict that psychotherapies are not effective

Answer 38

dodo bird verdict

Question 39

refers to the sharp cleft between psychologists who view psychotherapy as more an art than a science and those who believe that clinical practice should primarily reflect well-replicated scientific findings

Answer 39

Scientist-practitioner gap

Question 40

a serious side effect of some older anti-psychotic medications used to treat shcizo and other psychoses
 Symptoms include grotesque involuntary movements of the facial muscles and mouth and twitching of the neck, arms, and legs

Answer 40

tardive dyskinesia

Question 41

tardive dyskinesia generally occurs after _____ years of ____-dosage treatment

Answer 41

several, high

Question 42

prescribing many medications – sometimes five or more – at the same time

Answer 42

polypharmacy

Question 43

ECT increase the level of ________ in the brain and stimulates growth of brain cells in the _________

Answer 43

serotonin

hippocampus