Fill-in-the-blanks - Psychological disorders Flashcards
In ancient times, holes wer cut in an ill person’s head to let out evil spirits in a process called _________.
trepanning or trephinig
__________ believed that mental illness cam from an imbalance in the body’s four humours
Hippocrates
The study of abnormal behaviour is called __________.
psychopathology
A pattern of behaviour that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called a ___________ ___________.
Psychological disorder
Anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is called ____________.
maladaptive
The _____________ model explains behaviour as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body.
biological
_____________ _____________ assume that abnormal behaviour stems from repressed conflicts and urges that are fighting to become conscious.
Psychoanalytical theorists
___________ believe that abnormal behaviour is learned.
Behaviourists
____________ ____________ see abnormal behaviour as coming from irrational beliefs and illogical patterns of thought.
Cognitive theorists
______________ _____________ is the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behaviour takes place.
Cultural relativity
Disorders found only in particular cultures are known as ___________ ______________.
Culture-bound syndromes
A manual pf psychological disorders and their symptoms is called the __________ ____________ __________ __________.
DSM-V - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
One of the most common psychological disorders worlwide is _________.
Depression
Disorders in which the main symptoms are excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness are called _________ disorders.
Anxiety
A _________ is an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.
Phobia
The fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible is called _________.
agoraphobia
The disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions created anxiety that is relieved by performing repetitive, ritualisitc behaviour (compulsion is called ___________-_____________ ____________.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A person is said to have a ______________ ____________ when panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life.
panic disorder
_____________ _____________ _____________ is a disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts six months or more.
Generalized anxiety disorder
A _____________ _____________ is a disorder that takes the form of bodily illnesses and symptoms but for which there are no real physical disorders.
somatic symptom disorder
A _____________ _____________ is a disorder in which psychological stress causes a real physical disorder or illness.
psychosomatic disorder
_____________ _____________ _____________ is a somatic symptom disorder in which the person is terrified of being sick and worries constantly, going to doctors repeatedly, and becoming preoccupied with every sensation of the body.
Illness anxiety disorder
The somatic symptom disorder in which the person experiences a specific symptom in the somatic nervous system’s functioning, such as paralysis, numbness, or blindness, for which there is no physical cause is called _____________ _____________.
Conversion disorder
A loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete is known as _____________ _____________.
Dissociative amnesia
_____________ _____________ is travelling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information.
Dissociative fugue
_____________ _____________ _____________ is a disorder occuring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body.
Dissociative identity disorder
In psychology, an emotional reaction is called the _____________.
Affect
A disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression to hypomania and lasts two years or more is called _____________.
Cyclothymia
_____________ _____________ is severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause.
Major depression
_____________ _____________ is severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes..
Bipolar disorder
When an individual has excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability, it is known as _____________.
Mania
A severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behaviour, hallucinations, and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is called _____________.
Schizophrenia
When someone does not have the ability to perceive what is real and what is fantasy we say they are _____________.
Psychotic
The _____________ _____________ of schizophrenia are excesses of behaviour or occur in addition to normal behaviour,; hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking.
Positive symptoms
The _____________ _____________ of schizophrenia are lacks of behaviours or less-than-normal behaviour like poor speech or loss of affect.
Negative symptoms
False sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist, are called _____________ .
Hallucinations
False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are called _____________ .
Delusions
The type of schizophrenia in which behaviour is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disorderd is called ____________ schizophrenia
Disorganized
The type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations is called _____________ schizophrenia.
Paranoid
A disorder in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behaviour that interferes with normal social interactions is a _____________ _____________.
Personality
_____________ _____________ is a disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behaviour.
Antisocial personality disorder
_____________ _____________ _____________ is a maladptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others.
Borderline personality disorder
_____________ _____________ _____________ is a mood disorder caused by the body’s reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months.
Seasonal affective disorder
