Important terms psych chapter 5-Consciousness

Question 1

Sleep paralysis

Answer 1

State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up.

Question 2

Consciousness

Answer 2

Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental experiences

Question 3

circadian rythm

Answer 3

Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24hr basis

Question 4

Biological clock

Answer 4

Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness.

Question 5

REM

Answer 5

Rapid eye movement: darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids.

Question 6

non-REM sleep

Answer 6

stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid.

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

Stage of sleep during which the brain is most active and during which vivid dreaming most often occurs.

Question 8

What are beta waves?

Answer 8

Normal brain waves when awake.

Question 9

What are alpha waves?

Answer 9

Waves of EEG during calm wakefulness.

Question 10

What are theta waves?

Answer 10

Seen in stage 1 of sleep

Question 11

What waves are in sleep stage 2?

Answer 11

Sleep spindles and k complexes

Question 12

What waves are in stage 3 and 4 of the sleep cycle?

Answer 12

Delta waves

Question 13

What is lucid dreaming?

Answer 13

Experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming.

Question 14

Insomnia

Answer 14

difficulty falling and staying asleep

Question 15

narcolepsy

Answer 15

Disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep. Often have few cells that produce orexin.

Question 16

cataplexy

Answer 16

complete loss of muscle tone

Question 17

Sleep apnea

Answer 17

disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in day time fatigue.

Question 18

night terrors

Answer 18

sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to deep sleep.

Question 19

sleepwalkin

Answer 19

Walking while fully asleep

Question 20

activation-synthesis theory

Answer 20

theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story.

Question 21

Neurocognitive theory

Answer 21

Theory that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about.

Question 22

OBE

Answer 22

out of body experience; sense of our consciousness leaving our body

Question 23

NDE

Answer 23

near death experience; out of body experience reported by people who’ve nearly died or thought they were going to die

Question 24

déja vù

Answer 24

feeling of reliving an experience that’s new, may be due to excess of the NT dopamine in the temporal lobe.

Question 25

mystical experience

Answer 25

feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often with strong spiritual overtones

Question 26

hypnosis

Answer 26

set of techniques that provide people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

Question 27

past life regression therapy

Answer 27

therapeutic approach that hypothesizes and supposedly age-regresses patients to a previous life to identify the source of the present-day problem.

Question 28

sociocognitive theory

Answer 28

approach to explaining hypnosis based on people’s attitudes, beliefs, and expectations.

Question 29

Dissociation theory

Answer 29

approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated.

Question 30

psychoactive drug

Answer 30

substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that later consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons.

Question 31

tolerance

Answer 31

reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect.

Question 32

withdrawal

Answer 32

unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually

Question 33

physical dependence

Answer 33

dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 34

psychological dependence

Answer 34

dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings.

Question 35

sedative

Answer 35

drug that exerts a calming effect

Question 36

hypnotic drug

Answer 36

drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect

Question 37

stimulant

Answer 37

drug that increases activity in the CNS, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure.

Question 38

narcotic

Answer 38

drug that relieves pain and induces sleep

Question 39

hallucinogenic

Answer 39

causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood, and thought.