Chapter 13 - Important concepts Flashcards
Research shows that we tend to believe that others, but not ourselves, are vulnerable to _______ influence.
social
What are cliques?
Groups that include in-group members and exclude out-group members.
According to Antrhopologist Robin Dunbar, what is the approximate size of most human social groups?
150 people
_____ proposed that our highly social brains are predisposed to forming interpersonal netweorks that are large, but with a ______.
Dunbar
limit
Humans have a biologically based need for interpersonal connections.
Need to belong theory
According to the need to belong theory, we seek out ______ bonds when we can, and suffer negative ________ and _______ consequences when we cannot.
social
psychological, physical
What supports the need to belong theory?
Research on inmates in solitary confinement suffer from more mood and anxiety problems
- fMRI scans
- threat of social isolation leads us to behave in self-destructive ways and evn impair our mental functioning
fMRI scans indicate that upon experiencing the sting of social rejection, participants displayed pronounced activation in a brain region called the _________ _________, which becomes active during ________ _______.
cingulate cortex
physical pain
Virtually all social influence processes are ________ under most circumstances
adaptive
When we compare ourselves to people who seem superior to us in some way, we engage in what?
Upward social comparison
When we compare ourselves with others who seem inferior to us in some way, we engage in what?
Downward social comparison
Describe the phenomena of social contagion.
Social behaviour is often contagious.
Phenonemon in which many people simultaneously come to be convinced of bizarre things that are false.
collective dellusions
When are we most likely to engage in social comparison?
When a situation is ambiguous
Differentiate between internal and external attributions.
Internal - behaviour due to traits
External - due to situational factors
When are we less likely to engage in the fundamental attribution error?
If we have been in a similar situation ourselves
If we have been encouraged to be empathetic toward others
The fundamental attribution error is peculiar in that we only use it when…?
we explain OTHER’s behaviours
Describe a study that provided support for the fundamental attribution error.
Study that had debaters read randomly assigned speeches - pro or against Castro.
Participants were more likely to consider those who read pro-Castro as communist sympathizers even when knowing the roles were randomly assigned.
Describe a study that provided support for the fundamental attribution error.
Study that had debaters read randomly assigned speeches - pro or against Castro.
Participants were more likely to consider those who read pro-Castro as communist sympathizers even when knowing the roles were randomly assigned.
What cultures are more/less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?
Japanese/Chines - less likely
NA - more likely
Which researcher completed the first studies on conformity
Asch studies - line lengths
undercover agents of the researcher
confederates
What were the different independent variables affected conformity rates?
Unanimity
Difference in the wrong answer
Size
With increases in unanimity, there were increases in _______.
If someone gave an equally wrong, but different answer, conformity rates _______.
The size of the majority makes a difference up to a certain point (- people), after which it doesnt matter.
conformity
plummeted (decreased)
5-6
Curiously, when Asch asked participants to ______ their answers, conformity rates almost completely disappeared.
write
