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Psychology > Chapter 15 - Key Words > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Key Words Flashcards

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1
Q

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body.

A

demonic model

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2
Q

view of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

A

medical model

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3
Q

institution for people with mental illness created in the fifteenth century

A

asylum

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4
Q

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness

A

moral treatment

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5
Q

governmental policy in the 1960s and 1970s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

A

deinstitutionalization

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6
Q

scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

A

labelling theorists

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7
Q

diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

A

DSM - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

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8
Q

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

A

prevalence

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9
Q

co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

A

comorbidity

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10
Q

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

A

categorical model

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11
Q

model in wihch a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

A

dimensional model

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12
Q

legal defence proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally accountable for their actions if they weren’t of sound mind when committing them

A

insanity defence

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13
Q

procedure of placing some people with mental illness in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

A

involuntary commitment

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14
Q

Condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

A

somatic symptom disorder

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15
Q

an individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has a serious physical disease

A

illness anxiety disorder

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16
Q

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

A

GAD

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17
Q

brief, intense episode of extreme fear, characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings or impending death or going crazy

A

panic attack

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18
Q

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

A

panic disorder

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19
Q

Intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

A

phobia

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20
Q

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

A

agoraphobia

21
Q

intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

A

specific phobia

22
Q

intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

A

social anxiety disorder

23
Q

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

A

PTSD

24
Q

condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

A

OCD

25
Q

persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

A

obsession

26
Q

repetitive behaviour or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

A

compulsion

27
Q

fear of anxiety-related situations

A

anxiety-sensitivity

28
Q

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

A

major depressive episode

29
Q

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

A

Cognitive model of depression

30
Q

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cannot control

A

learned helplessness

31
Q

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behaviour

A

manic episode

32
Q

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

A

bipolar disorder

33
Q

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

A

personality disorder

34
Q

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

A

borderline personality disorder

35
Q

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centredness, and risk taking

A

psychopathic personality

36
Q

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

A

antisocial personality disorder

37
Q

condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

A

dissociative disorder

38
Q

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

A

depersonalizatoin/derealization disorder

39
Q

inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

A

dissociative amnesia

40
Q

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

A

dissociative fugue

41
Q

condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

A

DID

42
Q

severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

A

schizophrenia

43
Q

strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality

A

delusion

44
Q

psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality

A

psychotic symptoms

45
Q

sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

A

hallucination

46
Q

motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position

A

catatonic symptom

47
Q

perspective proposing that mental disorders area a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

A

diathesis-stress model

48
Q

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger’s syndrome.

A

autism spectrum disorder

49
Q

childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity

A

ADHD

Psychology (51 decks)

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