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Psychology > Chapter 15 - Psychological disorders - Important terms > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Psychological disorders - Important terms Flashcards

1
Q

Demonic model

A

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

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2
Q

Medical model

A

View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

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3
Q

Asylum

A

Institution for people with mental illnesses created in the fifteenth century

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4
Q

moral treatment

A

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness

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5
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

governmental policy in the 1960s and 1970s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

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6
Q

labelling theorists

A

Scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

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7
Q

Diagnositc and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

diagnostic system containing the APA criteria for mental disorders

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8
Q

Prevalence

A

percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

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9
Q

Comorbidity

A

co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

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10
Q

Categorical model

A

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

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11
Q

Dimensional model

A

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

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12
Q

insanity defence

A

legal defence proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren’t of “sound mind” when committing them

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13
Q

involuntary commitment

A

procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

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14
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

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15
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

an individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has a serious physical disease

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16
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many ares of life functioning

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17
Q

Panic attack

A

Brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impeding death or going crazy

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18
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

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19
Q

phobia

A

intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

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20
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

21
Q

specific phobia

A

intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

22
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

23
Q

PTSD

A

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

24
Q

OCD

A

condition marked by repeated and lengthy (At least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

25
Q

obsession

A

persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

26
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behaviour or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

27
Q

anxiety sensitivity

A

fear of anxiety-related situations

28
Q

major depressive episode

A

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

29
Q

cognitive model of depression

A

theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

30
Q

learned helplessness

A

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control

31
Q

manic episode

A

experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behaviour

32
Q

bipolar disorder

A

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

33
Q

personality disorder

A

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

34
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

35
Q

psychopathic personality

A

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centredness, and risk taking

36
Q

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A

condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

37
Q

dissociative disorder

A

condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

38
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

39
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

40
Q

dissociative fugue

A

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

41
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

42
Q

schizophrenia

A

severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

43
Q

delusion

A

strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality

44
Q

psychotic symptom

A

psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality

45
Q

hallucination

A

sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

46
Q

catatonic symptom

A

motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in the fetal position

47
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

48
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder

49
Q

ADHD

A

childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity

Psychology (51 decks)

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