Physiology week 3 - muscles Flashcards
List the three types of muscle in vertebrates.
striated,
cardiac, and
smooth muscle.
Describe, in detail, the structure of skeletal muscle
Outline the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Describe the events which initiate a skeletal muscle contraction.
Outline the sources of energy for muscle contraction
Ca2+
Describe what is meant by muscle fatigue
Outline the classification of the 3 skeletal muscle fibres
- Slow twitch: oxidative (red fibres, type I)
- Fast twitch: oxidative (red fibres, type IIA)
- Fast twitch: glycolytic (white fibres, type IIB)
Explain the concepts of summation and tetanus in relation to the contraction of skeletal muscle.
Briefly discuss the mechanics of body movement
Briefly describe the structure and function of smooth muscle.
Briefly describe the structure and function of cardiac muscle.
Differentiate between smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissue
What is secretory epithelial tissue? Name the types and functions
Name four cell adhesion molecules
Name different types of transport mechanisms
Osmosis
Active transport
Passive transport
Define the terms active and passive transport. Explain the types of active and passive membrane transport systems.
Define the terms osmolarity, molarity and tonicity
Name different types of primary and secondary active transporters
What is a signal pathway, and what five steps are there in this pathway?
Describe Fast twitch muscle fibres:
- Fast contraction
- Sarcoplasmic reticculum uptake of Ca++ faster
- ATP splits faster
- Fatigues easily
- Anaerobic
- Used intermittently at high forces (sprinting)
Describe oxidative fast twitch type IIA
- Intermediate speed
- Uses both anaerobin & aerobic glycolysis
Describe slow Twitch Type I attributes
- Aerobic glycolysis
- More mitochondria
- More capilaries
Higher O2 storage - Less fatigue
- Endurance related
