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Brain Anatomy > Neuroanatomy Week 3 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Week 3 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

A neuronal membrane resting potential is..?

A

-70mV

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2
Q

What is the mV of an axon during action potential stimulation?

A

+40mV

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3
Q

What area of the neuron initiates an action potential upon depolarization?

A

Axonal hillock

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4
Q

In what area do neurons communicate?

A

The synapses

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5
Q

What reduces the likelihood of neuronal impulse initiation?

A

Hyperpolarisation

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6
Q

Where are the glia satellite cells found?

A

In the ganglia of the PNS

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7
Q

Where are Schwann cells found?

A

In the PNS nerve cells

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8
Q

Where are ependymal cells derived from?

A

Neural tube ectoderm

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9
Q

Where are microglia derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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10
Q

What is another name for neuroglial cells?

A

glia

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11
Q

What is a neuron, and what are its parts?

A

Neurons are cells specialized for sending and receiving chemically mediated electrical signals.

A neuron contains:
- cell body
- dendrites
- axon

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12
Q

What is the name of a neuronal cytoplasm?

A

Perikaryon

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13
Q

What is a neurite?

A

The term neurite refers to any neuronal process: axon or dendrite.

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14
Q

What does the neuron doctrine define?

A

The fact that each neuron is a structural and functional unit

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15
Q

What are the most abundant ions in the extracellular fluid?

A

NA+ and Cl-

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16
Q

What is the most abundant ion intracellularly?

A

K+ is the main positive ion

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17
Q

What organelles are found within the neuronal cytoplasm?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum
polyribosomes
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes

18
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the axon called?

A

axoplasm

19
Q

What does the axoplasm include?

A

Neurofilaments
microtubules
mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

What cells lay down myelin sheaths in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

21
Q

What cells lay down myelin sheaths in the CNS?

A

oligodendocytes

22
Q

What is it called when one action potential jumps from node to node?

A

Saltatory conduction

23
Q

Nissle stain helps to?

A

Helps to study the cytoarchitecture in the CNS
Stains nuclei & cytoplasms

24
Q

What is the Golgi stain good for?

A

Cell morphology

25
Q

What are neurites?

A

Combination of dendrites & axons

26
Q

What did Cajal hypothesise about neurons?

A
  • Neurons communicate by contact, not continuity
27
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A
  • gene expression
  • transcription
  • RNA processing
28
Q

What is a neuronal membrane?

A

Barrier that encloses the cytoplasm

29
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

Internal scaffolding of neuronal membrane

30
Q

What are 3 structures associated with the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Neurofilaments
31
Q

Fast axoplasmic transport is associated with…

A
32
Q

Slow axoplasmic transport is associated with…

A
33
Q

Do dendrites receive or send information?

A

receive

34
Q

What are the 4 types of neuroglia in CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells

35
Q

What are the 2 types of glia in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells
Satellite cells

36
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • fill spaces between neurons
  • Supports neurite growth
  • REgulates chemical content of extracellular space
37
Q

How many types of astrocytes are there?

A

2

38
Q

Where does the fibrous astrocyte occur?

A

in White matter

39
Q

What astrocytes are found in the gray matter?

A
  • Protoplasmic astrocytes
40
Q

What is the most prominent glia in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes

41
Q

What are the 2 main myelinating glia ?

A
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
42
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A
  • Assist in production, circulation & monitoring for CSF

Brain Anatomy (59 decks)

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