NEUR533 - Brain mechanisms: emotion

Question 1

Question 2

What does the papez circuit structures contain?

Answer 2

• Cingulate cortex
• Hippocampus
• Fornix
• Hypothalamus
• Anterior nuclei of thalamus
• Neocortex

Question 3

learn the PAPEZ CIRCUIT

Answer 3

Also relearn limbic system

Question 4

What are the 2 major pathways connecting the amydala with the hypothalamus?

Answer 4

1. Stria terminal
2. Ventral amydalfugal pathway

Question 5

What does bilateral ablation of the amydala result in?

Answer 5

• Reduced fear

Question 6

What is the degenerative disease that causes bilateral loss of the amydala?

Answer 6

Urbach-Wiethe disease

Question 7

Propsed learned fear circuit

Question 8

What did the electrical stimulation of hypothalamus regions in Flynn’s research elecit upon MEDIAL hypothalamus stimulation?

Answer 8

• Protective aggression

Question 9

What did the electrical stimulation of hypothalamus regions in Flynn’s research elecit upon LATERAL hypothalamus stimulation?

Answer 9

• Predatory aggression

Question 10

Where does the LATERAL hypothalamus project to in the midbrain?

Answer 10

The Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 11

Where does the MEDIAL hypothalamus project to?

Answer 11

Periadqueductal grey matter (PAG) in midbrain

Question 12

Where are the serotonergic raphe nuclei located?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

Where do the serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei ascend to?

Answer 13

• Medial Forebrain bundle (MFB)
• Hypothalamus
• Limbic areas

Question 14

What is the James-Lang theory or fear?

Answer 14

proposed that we experience emotion in response to physiological changes in our body.

Event>physiologic response (PR) > interpretation of PR > emotion

Question 15

What is the cannon-bard theory of fear?

Answer 15

It proposed that emotional experience can occur independently of emotional expression.

Question 16

Who termed the definition limbic lobe?

Answer 16

Paul Broca,
French neurologist
1878

Question 17

Schachter- Singer response…?

Answer 17

Event > physioligical response > identify the reason for the PR > Emotion

Question 18

LAzarus theory ….?

Answer 18

Event > Cognitive appraisal (label) > Emotion + Physiological response

Based on personal experience

Question 19

What are 5 components of an emotional response?

Answer 19

• Immediate
• Specific
• Physiological
• Cognitive
• Behavioural

Question 20

What does the ‘cognitive component’ of an emotional response mean?

Answer 20

A subjective conscious experience

Question 21

Define a behavioural component of emotional responses

Answer 21

• Overt characteristic expressions e.g. posture/facial expressions

Question 22

Review the 4 theories of emotion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StSKFtUOmWI

Answer 22

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StSKFtUOmWI

Question 23

Emotions are programs of actions that rapidly modify the state of several components of our bodies in response, for instance, to a threat or an opportunity.

Quite differently, feelings are the mental experiences of body states, including, of course, those that are caused by emotions.

Question 24

What can Kluver-Bucy syndrome be a complication from?

Answer 24

HSV-1 encephalitis

Question 25

What is predatory aggression?

Answer 25

involves attacks for the purpose of obtaining food, such as a lion hunting a zebra. - Low vocalisations - Aim to kill e.g. head/neck - Not high SNS related

Question 26

What are descriptives of affective aggression?

Answer 26

- For show rather than killing - Threatening/defensive - High SNS - High vocalisation (making yourself look bigger to a bear)

Question 27

What are 2 areas of the brain that have increased firing in imaging upon angrey experience recall?

Answer 27

- Orbito-frontal cortex - Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 28

What are the 2 major pathways the hypothalamus sends aggression for the midbrain?

Answer 28

- Medial forebrain bundle - Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Question 29

How many known serotonin receptor sub-types are there?

Answer 29

At least 14

Question 30

What are the 2 key serotonin receptor sub-types related to anger and aggression modulation?

Answer 30

H-HT1a 5-HT1b

Question 31

Is higher serotonin levels in primates associated with dominance?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Are lowered levels of serotonin associated with aggression and anger?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Chapter 18 - page 643

Question 34

Neuromodulatory systems - watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59QaAS7n4ds

Question 35

What does the locus coeruleus release?

Answer 35

Norepinephrine

Question 36

What does the Ventral tegmental area/Substantia nigra pars compacta release?

Answer 36

Dopamine

Question 37

What does the Raphe nuclei release?

Answer 37

5-HT (serotonin)

Question 38

What does the basal forebrain release?

Answer 38

ACh

Question 39

Where does the locus coeruleus predominantly signal to?

Answer 39

- Cortex - Hippocampus - Thalamus

Question 40

Where does the VTA/SNc dopaminergic system predominantly signal to?

Answer 40

- Cortex - Striatum

Question 41

Where does the serotonergic raphe nuclei cluster predominantly signal to?

Answer 41

- Cortex - Striatum - Hippocampus - Thalamus

Question 42

Where does the basal forebrain adrenergic system predominantly signal to?

Answer 42

- Cortex - Stritum - Hippocampus

Question 43

Do all of these systems go to the same places in their pathway transmission?

Answer 43

No, they can be sent to different layers and neurons