NEUR533 - Brain mechanisms: emotion Flashcards
What does the papez circuit structures contain?
- Cingulate cortex
- Hippocampus
- Fornix
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior nuclei of thalamus
- Neocortex
learn the PAPEZ CIRCUIT
Also relearn limbic system
What are the 2 major pathways connecting the amydala with the hypothalamus?
- Stria terminal
- Ventral amydalfugal pathway
What does bilateral ablation of the amydala result in?
- Reduced fear
What is the degenerative disease that causes bilateral loss of the amydala?
Urbach-Wiethe disease
Propsed learned fear circuit
What did the electrical stimulation of hypothalamus regions in Flynn’s research elecit upon MEDIAL hypothalamus stimulation?
- Protective aggression
What did the electrical stimulation of hypothalamus regions in Flynn’s research elecit upon LATERAL hypothalamus stimulation?
- Predatory aggression
Where does the LATERAL hypothalamus project to in the midbrain?
The Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Where does the MEDIAL hypothalamus project to?
Periadqueductal grey matter (PAG) in midbrain
Where are the serotonergic raphe nuclei located?
Medulla oblongata
Where do the serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei ascend to?
- Medial Forebrain bundle (MFB)
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic areas
What is the James-Lang theory or fear?
proposed that we experience emotion in response to physiological changes in our body.
Event>physiologic response (PR) > interpretation of PR > emotion
What is the cannon-bard theory of fear?
It proposed that emotional experience can occur independently of emotional expression.
Who termed the definition limbic lobe?
Paul Broca,
French neurologist
1878
Schachter- Singer response…?
Event > physioligical response > identify the reason for the PR > Emotion
LAzarus theory ….?
Event > Cognitive appraisal (label) > Emotion + Physiological response
Based on personal experience
What are 5 components of an emotional response?
- Immediate
- Specific
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Behavioural
What does the ‘cognitive component’ of an emotional response mean?
A subjective conscious experience
Define a behavioural component of emotional responses
- Overt characteristic expressions e.g. posture/facial expressions
Review the 4 theories of emotion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StSKFtUOmWI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StSKFtUOmWI
Emotions are programs of actions that rapidly modify the state of several components of our bodies in response, for instance, to a threat or an opportunity.
Quite differently, feelings are the mental experiences of body states, including, of course, those that are caused by emotions.
What can Kluver-Bucy syndrome be a complication from?
HSV-1 encephalitis
What is predatory aggression?
involves attacks for the purpose of obtaining food, such as a lion hunting a zebra.
- Low vocalisations
- Aim to kill e.g. head/neck
- Not high SNS related
What are descriptives of affective aggression?
- For show rather than killing
- Threatening/defensive
- High SNS
- High vocalisation
(making yourself look bigger to a bear)
What are 2 areas of the brain that have increased firing in imaging upon angrey experience recall?
- Orbito-frontal cortex
- Anterior cingulate cortex
What are the 2 major pathways the hypothalamus sends aggression for the midbrain?
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
How many known serotonin receptor sub-types are there?
At least 14
What are the 2 key serotonin receptor sub-types related to anger and aggression modulation?
H-HT1a
5-HT1b
Is higher serotonin levels in primates associated with dominance?
Yes
Are lowered levels of serotonin associated with aggression and anger?
Yes
Chapter 18 - page 643
Neuromodulatory systems - watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59QaAS7n4ds
What does the locus coeruleus release?
Norepinephrine
What does the Ventral tegmental area/Substantia nigra pars compacta release?
Dopamine
What does the Raphe nuclei release?
5-HT (serotonin)
What does the basal forebrain release?
ACh
Where does the locus coeruleus predominantly signal to?
- Cortex
- Hippocampus
- Thalamus
Where does the VTA/SNc dopaminergic system predominantly signal to?
- Cortex
- Striatum
Where does the serotonergic raphe nuclei cluster predominantly signal to?
- Cortex
- Striatum
- Hippocampus
- Thalamus
Where does the basal forebrain adrenergic system predominantly signal to?
- Cortex
- Stritum
- Hippocampus
Do all of these systems go to the same places in their pathway transmission?
No, they can be sent to different layers and neurons
