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brain anatomy > NEUR531 - Somatosensory Sensations > Flashcards

NEUR531 - Somatosensory Sensations Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the different types of mechanoreceptors and the
type of touch information each is tuned to detect.

A

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2
Q

Describe the receptive fields and adaptation rates of the
different mechanoreceptors.

A
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3
Q

Describe the different mechanical forces that lead to
changes in ionic current in mechanosensitive ion channels.

A
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4
Q

Give a detailed account of the process by which peripheral
chemical mediators lead to sensitisation of nociceptors

A
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5
Q

Describe the difference between fast (first) and slow (secondary) pain.

A
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6
Q

Explain how thermoreceptors adapt in response to hot
and cold stimuli

A
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7
Q

Describe the mechanism of how lateral inhibition of the
somatic sensory system leads to contrast enhancement

A
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8
Q

What is somatic sensation?

A
  • Enables the body to feel, ache, sense pressure and temperature
  • TOuch and pain
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9
Q

What receptors are touch associated with?

A

mechanoreceptors

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10
Q

What are the predominant receptors within the somatosensory system?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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11
Q

What’s the pacinian corpuscle associated with?

A
  • Dermal layer
  • Pressure
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12
Q

What do ruffinis ending associate with?

A

Stretch of the skin

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13
Q

what are Meissner’s corpuscles associated with?

A
  • Finger tips
  • Fine touch receptors
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14
Q

What are * Merkel’s disks associated with?

A
  • Small receptor field
  • Highly sensitive
  • Lips/fingertips
  • Superficial
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15
Q

Adaptation of pacinian corpuscles

A

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16
Q

Do mechanoreceptors have unmyelinated or myelinated axon terminals?

A

unmyelinated

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17
Q

What primary AFFERENT FIBERS/AXONS mediate pain, temperature and itch?

A

C axons
Free nerve endings

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18
Q

What primary afferent axons mediate TOUCH sensations?

A

A beta
Fastest
Myelinated

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19
Q

Learn the primary afferent axons

A
20
Q

wwat are 3 types of receptors that can cause pain?

A
  • Chemical
  • Thermal
  • Mechanical
21
Q

wwat are 3 types of receptors that can cause pain?

A
  • Chemical
  • Thermal
  • Mechanical
22
Q

Is fast/first pain myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

23
Q

What fibers does first pain use?

A

A delta

24
Q

Is second pain using myelinated or unmyelinated fibers?

A

Unmyelinated

25
Q

what fibers do second pain use?

A

C fibers

26
Q

LEARN THIS FOR EXAM

A
27
Q

What pain sensation are associated with fast nociceptor pathway?

A
  • Sharp
  • Pricking pain
  • Mechanical and thermal nociceptors
28
Q

What fibres does fast pain travel ?

A

A delta fibers

29
Q

Where do the fast pain A delta fibers travel to in the spinal cord?

A

SUPERFICIAL dorsal horn

30
Q

What does fast nociceptor pain produce in the brain?

A

Well-localised painful stimuli

31
Q

What neurotransmitter does fast pain use for transmission?

A

Glutamate

32
Q

What types of sensation does the slow nocipceptor pathway produce?

A

Dull
Burning
Aching

33
Q

What fibers does the slow nociceptor of pain travel?

A

C fibers

34
Q

Where does the SLOW nociceptor pathway travel to the spinal cord?

A

DEEPER dorsal horn

35
Q

What type of pain does SLOW pathway produce in the brain?

A
  • Poorly localised
  • Distressing
36
Q

Where in the BRAIN does SLOW nociceptor pathway go?

A
  • Reticular formation
  • Increased alertness/arousal
37
Q

Where in the brain does FAST nociceptor pathway go?

A
  • Somatosensory cortex
  • Highly localised sensations
38
Q

PAIN AFFERENT REGULATION FALLS UNDER WHAT THEORY?

A
  • Melzack and wall theory
  • When you first hurt yourself
  • Gate control theory
39
Q

Pain regulation pathway

A
40
Q

What is the endogenous neurotransmitter to inhibit pain?

A

Enkephalins

41
Q

What interneurons does the higher brain activate to modulate pain?

A

Enkephalin-containing interneurons

42
Q

What neurons STIMULATE enkephalin-containing interneurons?

A

5-HT sertonergic neurons

43
Q

What is the most pain inducing thermoreceptor?

A

TRPV2
Hot receptor

44
Q

DRAW THESE PATHWAYS OUT

A
  • Variations in spinal cord injuries
45
Q

Review the somatosensory areas of the cortex

A
46
Q
A
47
Q

The somatosensory system is at least how many senses?

A

4

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