A walk through the brain - week 4 - Neurons Flashcards
How do neurotransmitters transmit through the synapse?
How do hormones differ from neurons?
Hormones differ from neurons in that they:
* Slower - over minutes to weeks
* Receive feedback from the region they contact rather than being ‘one-way’ communication;
* Are secreted in small pulses rather than a single burst;
* Vary in their levels according to the time of day (‘circadian rhythm’);
* Have different effects on different organs instead of the same effect of stimulating the
dendrites of another neuron.
What are neuroendocrine cells?
‘Neuroendocrine’ cells= hybrid of a neuron and an endocrine cell, so that they receive
neural signals but secrete hormones.
How many types of hormone categories are there?
3
What are the 3 group classifications of hormones?
Can be classified into 3 types
according to their chemical
structure (protein, amine,
steroid)
What is the biochemical process a steroid hormone has on a cell?
- Steroid hormone diffuses through cellular membrane
- The hormone binds to an intracellular receptor, in the cytoplasm or nucleus
- A hormone receptor complex forms
- The complex interacts with DNA in the nucleus, altering gene expression and cell function
What are 2 key biochemical functions steroid hormones have on a cell?
Change the cell’s DNA to
* Promote the cell’s differentiation and
development.
- Modulate the rate of function of a cell.
What are the hormone changes the DNA to produce
messenger RNA (mRNA)?
- mRNA sends ‘messages’ to produce new
proteins, thus changing behaviour.
What 8 hormones does the hypothalamus make?
- thyrotropin releasing hormone
- Dopamine
- Growth hormone releasing hormone
- Somatostatin
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone
- Corticotropin releasing hormone
- Oxytocin
- Vasopressin
What hormone does the pineal gland produce?
Melatonin
What 2 hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine
What 6 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?
- Growth hormone
- Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Follicle stimulating hormone
- Lutienizing hormone
- Prolactin
What 3 hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce?
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
- Anti-diuretic hormone
Name one glucocorticosteroid hormone?
Cortisol
What is the physiological steps in releasing cortisol?