NEUR531 - BRAIN CONTROL OF MOVEMENT

Question 1

Describe the origin and function of the lateral pathways, and the
effects of lesions.

Question 2

Describe the origin and function of the ventromedial pathways

Question 3

List all the areas of the cerebral cortex that are directly involved in
the planning and execution of a voluntary movement

Question 4

Discuss the role of the posterior parietal, prefrontal and premotor
areas in the planning of a movement

Question 5

Describe the basic anatomy of the basal ganglia, including major
inputs and outputs.

Question 6

Describe the major symptoms of basal ganglia disease,

Question 7

and discuss the
implications for function of the basal ganglia in motor control.

Question 8

Describe the major inputs and outputs of the primary motor cortex

Question 9

discuss the role of population coding in the primary motor area in
the execution of motor tasks.

Question 10

Describe the motor loop through the cerebellum

Question 11

discuss the role
of this feedback loop in the planning and execution of voluntary
movement

Question 12

Overview of motor system

Answer 12

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Question 13

Axons from brain descend along two major pathways, WHAT ARE THEY?

Answer 13

– Lateral pathways
– Ventromedial pathways

Question 14

What are the 2 tracts involved in LATERAL PATHWAYS?

Answer 14

• Corticospinal tract
• Rubrospinal tract (INTERNEURONS)

Question 15

What are the 4 tracts of the VENTROMEDIAL pathways?

Answer 15

• Tectospinal
• Vestibulospinal
• Pontine reticulospinal
• Medullary reticulospinal

Question 16

The lateral pathway

Answer 16

DRAW THIS OUT

Question 17

WHAT ARE Four descending tracts from brainstem

Answer 17

1. vestibulospinal tract
2. tectospinal tract
3. pontine reticulospinal tract
4. medullary reticulospinal tract

Question 18

What do the 4 descending tracts from the spinal call synapse onto?

Answer 18

Spinal cord interneurons

Question 19

What does the vestibulospinal tract control?

Answer 19

controls
posture of head and neck (cervical)

Question 20

What is the Tectospinal tract associated with controlling?

Answer 20

orientation of head
and eyes in relation to visual stimuli

Question 21

does the Pontine reticulospinal tract ENHANCE OR REDUCE antigravity reflexes
helping to maintain standing posture?

Answer 21

ENHANCES

Question 22

Does the Medullary reticulospinal tract REDUCE OR ENHANCE reflex control of
antigravity muscles

Answer 22

REDUCES

(releases)

Question 23

RETICULOSPINAL TRACTS

Question 24

SUMMARY OF MAJOR DESCENDING TRACTS

Question 25

Is the RED NUCLEUS associated wih the lateral or ventromedial pathways?

Answer 25

LATERAL PATHWAYS

Question 26

Is the lateral or ventromedial pathway involved with the reticular nuclei, superior colliculus and vestibulat nuclei?

Answer 26

VENTROMEDIAL PATHWAYS

V = V

Question 27

• SMA: Supplemetary motor neurons
• PMA: Pre motor area
• S1 = Primary sensory
• M1 = Motorsensory cortex

Answer 27

Question 28

What is brodman area 4?

Answer 28

primary motor cortex (MI)

Question 29

What is brodman area 6?

Answer 29

= premotor area (PMA) and
supplementary motor area (SMA)

Question 30

What is brodman area 8?

Answer 30

frontal eye field

Question 31

What is brodman areas 24 & 32?

Answer 31

cingulate cortex