NEUR533 - revision extras Flashcards
Moruzzi’s research, lesions in midline structure of brain stem causes state similar to ________ sleep
NREM
Lesions in the lateral tegmentum cause non-REM state sleep T/F?
False
Electrical stimulation of midline tegmentum of midbrain changes cortex from _____, rhythmic EEG’s of non-REM sleep to _______ and _______ state
slow
alert and aroused
Visual information is not being accurately interpreted by the frontal cortex regions in sleep - T/F?
True
REM on = __________
REM OFF = ______________
REM on = Cholinergics
REM OFF = Serotonergics
What are the 5 sleep promoting factors?
Adenosine - inhibitory effect
NO - triggers Adenosine
Muramyl dipeptide - increases NREM
IL-1 - Fatigue immune
Melatonin - circaidian
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?
right above optic chiasm
Inside bottom of hypothalamus
What genes does the SCN have to regulate time?
clock genes =
Clock + BMAL1
Clock + BMAL1 = Cryptochome & period
Cry and Per degrade = promote transcription again
= 24 hours
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHpCBmq_z60
What do clock genes do in SCN?
Regulate transcription and negative feedback loop
What do the retinal ganglion cells express that is slowly excited by light?
melanopsin
= synapses directly onto SCN neurons
What does SCN use as primary NT?
GABA
What hormones does the thalamus regulate for sleep?
thyroid hormone
Growth hormone
Corticotropin
orexin
Where are neuropeptide orexins produced?
Dorsal hypothalamus
What do orexins do?
Control appeptide -
arousal
works as NT
What are the Hz of stage 4 sleep?
2Hz or less
LARGE AND SLOW EEG
