Brain anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 Basic Parts of the brain

A

The brain may be roughly divided into three sections:
1. The Cerebellum
2. The Brain Stem
3. The Cerebrum

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2
Q

The Cerebellum

A

Has an important role in balance,
* Some cognitive functions (language, attention, fear/pleasure)
* Procedural memories (how to do things like riding a bike, tying shoelaces)
without conscious thought

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3
Q

The Brain Stem

A

Includes the medulla, the pons and the midbrain,
* Controls breathing, digestion, heart rate and other autonomic processes,
* Connects the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body

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4
Q

The Cerebrum (also called “forebrain”). why is the cerebrum so large and heavy?

A

NA

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5
Q

gyri

A

bumps

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6
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves

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7
Q

Fissures

A

deep grooves

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8
Q

Longitudianl fissures splits what?

A

The cerebrum into 2 hemispheres

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9
Q

Brain hemispheres are linked by what bundle of nerve fibres?

A

Corpus callosum (large) and commissures (small)

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10
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Provides communication between the hemispheres

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11
Q

Cerebrum is Covered by a 2mm to 4mm thick sheet of neural tissue called…

A

cerebral
cortex (or neocortex)

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12
Q

Six layers of the Cerebral Cortex are?

A

molecular
external granular
External pyramidal
Internal granular layer
Internal pyramidal layer
Multiform layer

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13
Q

Is grey or white matter closest to the surface of the brain?

A

Grey matter

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14
Q

Three specific systems of the brain

A

Sensory
* Motor
* Limbic

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15
Q

Sensory System

A

Sensory receptors= cells detect
stimuli and produce a nerve signal
travels to brain via
spinal cord

  • Skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, muscles &
    joints & ear canals for balance.
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16
Q

Motor System

A

Muscles are composed of
‘spindles’

that can control
when a muscle contracts or
stretches.

  • After receiving information
    from the senses, the brain
    may send a signal to muscle
    spindles to contract or
    expand.
17
Q

Limbic System

A

Under the cerebral cortex and
above the brain stem.
* Deals with emotions, memory and
arousal.

18
Q

Limbic important parts

A

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

19
Q

9 functions of the prefrontal cortex

A
  1. Empathy
  2. Insight
  3. Response flexibility
  4. Emotion regulation
  5. Body regulation
  6. Morality
  7. Intuition
  8. Attuned communication
  9. Fear modulation
20
Q

9 functions of the prefrontal cortex

A
  1. Empathy
  2. Insight
  3. Response flexibility
  4. Emotion regulation
  5. Body regulation
  6. Morality
  7. Intuition
  8. Attuned communication
  9. Fear modulation

The PFC plays a central role in memory
formation, decision-making, reasoning,
‘personality’.

21
Q

What is dura mater?

A

The outmost part of the meninges (tough & flexible)

22
Q

What is the arachnoid membrane?

A

The middle layer of the meninges between dura mater and inner pia mater

23
Q

What do ventricles do?

A

They product & contain cerebral spinal fluid

24
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Narrow tube
Interconnects the 3rd & 4th ventricles of the brain

25
What is pia mater?
Meninge layer - Surface of the brain thin & delicate
25
What is pia mater?
Meninge layer - Surface of the brain thin & delicate
26
What is the subarachnoid space?
Fluid filled space Cushions the brain Located between arachnoid membrane & pia mater
27
What are arachnoid granulations?
Small projections of arachnoid membrane Via dura mater To Superior sagittal snius CSF flows through to be reabsorbed into blood supply
28
Where is the cerebral spinal fluid produced?
Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles