Brain anatomy

Question 1

3 Basic Parts of the brain

Answer 1

The brain may be roughly divided into three sections:
1. The Cerebellum
2. The Brain Stem
3. The Cerebrum

Question 2

The Cerebellum

Answer 2

Has an important role in balance,
* Some cognitive functions (language, attention, fear/pleasure)
* Procedural memories (how to do things like riding a bike, tying shoelaces)
without conscious thought

Question 3

The Brain Stem

Answer 3

Includes the medulla, the pons and the midbrain,
* Controls breathing, digestion, heart rate and other autonomic processes,
* Connects the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body

Question 4

The Cerebrum (also called “forebrain”). why is the cerebrum so large and heavy?

Answer 4

NA

Question 5

gyri

Answer 5

bumps

Question 6

Sulci

Answer 6

Shallow grooves

Question 7

Fissures

Answer 7

deep grooves

Question 8

Longitudianl fissures splits what?

Answer 8

The cerebrum into 2 hemispheres

Question 9

Brain hemispheres are linked by what bundle of nerve fibres?

Answer 9

Corpus callosum (large) and commissures (small)

Question 10

What does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 10

Provides communication between the hemispheres

Question 11

Cerebrum is Covered by a 2mm to 4mm thick sheet of neural tissue called…

Answer 11

cerebral
cortex (or neocortex)

Question 12

Six layers of the Cerebral Cortex are?

Answer 12

molecular
external granular
External pyramidal
Internal granular layer
Internal pyramidal layer
Multiform layer

Question 13

Is grey or white matter closest to the surface of the brain?

Answer 13

Grey matter

Question 14

Three specific systems of the brain

Answer 14

Sensory
* Motor
* Limbic

Question 15

Sensory System

Answer 15

Sensory receptors= cells detect
stimuli and produce a nerve signal
travels to brain via
spinal cord

• Skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, muscles &
  joints & ear canals for balance.

Question 16

Motor System

Answer 16

Muscles are composed of
‘spindles’

that can control
when a muscle contracts or
stretches.

• After receiving information
  from the senses, the brain
  may send a signal to muscle
  spindles to contract or
  expand.

Question 17

Limbic System

Answer 17

Under the cerebral cortex and
above the brain stem.
* Deals with emotions, memory and
arousal.

Question 18

Limbic important parts

Answer 18

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

Question 19

9 functions of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

1. Empathy
2. Insight
3. Response flexibility
4. Emotion regulation
5. Body regulation
6. Morality
7. Intuition
8. Attuned communication
9. Fear modulation

Question 20

9 functions of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

1. Empathy
2. Insight
3. Response flexibility
4. Emotion regulation
5. Body regulation
6. Morality
7. Intuition
8. Attuned communication
9. Fear modulation

The PFC plays a central role in memory
formation, decision-making, reasoning,
‘personality’.

Question 21

What is dura mater?

Answer 21

The outmost part of the meninges (tough & flexible)

Question 22

What is the arachnoid membrane?

Answer 22

The middle layer of the meninges between dura mater and inner pia mater

Question 23

What do ventricles do?

Answer 23

They product & contain cerebral spinal fluid

Question 24

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 24

Narrow tube
Interconnects the 3rd & 4th ventricles of the brain

Question 25

What is pia mater?

Answer 25

Meninge layer -
Surface of the brain
thin & delicate

Question 25

What is pia mater?

Answer 25

Meninge layer -
Surface of the brain
thin & delicate

Question 26

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 26

Fluid filled space
Cushions the brain
Located between arachnoid membrane & pia mater

Question 27

What are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 27

Small projections of arachnoid membrane
Via dura mater
To Superior sagittal snius
CSF flows through to be reabsorbed into blood supply

Question 28

Where is the cerebral spinal fluid produced?

Answer 28

Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles