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brain anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the optic nerve (CNII) sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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2
Q

What is CN III?

A

The Occulomotor nerve

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3
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic Nerve

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4
Q

What are the 2 cranial nerves that the midbrain beholds?

A
  • Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
  • Tochlear nerve (CN IV)

(both are motor)

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5
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve (CN V) sensory or motor?

A

Both

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6
Q

Where is the trigeminal nerve (CN V) located?

A

Pons

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7
Q

The pontomedullary junction holds what 3 cranial nerves?

A
  • Abducens CN VI
  • Facial CN VII
  • Vestibulocochlear CN VIII
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8
Q

Is the abducens CN VI sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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9
Q

Is the Facial nerve CN VII sensory or motor?

A

Both

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10
Q

Is the vestibulocochlear CN VIII sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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11
Q

What cranial nerves stem from the medulla?

A
  • Glossopharyngeal CN IX
  • Vagus nerve (X)
  • Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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12
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Both

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13
Q

Is the vagus nerve CN X sensory or motor?

A

Both

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14
Q

Is the hypoglossal CN XII sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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15
Q

What are the midbrain’s key roles?

A
  • Visual system
  • Accommodation reflex (e.g. optic sensory nerve in and oculomotor nerve out)
  • Pupillary light reflex (e.g. constriction/dilation)
  • Contains substantial nigra
  • Dopaminergic system (movement/behaviour)
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16
Q

What 4 reflexes are associated with the pons?

A
  • Jaw-jerk reflex (trigeminal)
  • Corneal-blink reflex (facial-trigeminal)
  • Tensor tympani stapedius reflux
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17
Q

What are the medulla oblongata reflexes associated with?

A
  • Swallowing & gag reflex (glossopharyngeal + vagus)
  • Cough
  • Sneeze
  • ## Sight of decussation of many neurons
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18
Q

Reticular formation in the midbrain is associated with what?

A
  • Wakefulness (circadian rhythm)
  • Consciousness
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19
Q

Are somatic motor fibres associated with voluntary or involuntary muscles?

A

Voluntary

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20
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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21
Q

What are the 5 types of cranial nerve fibres?

A
  • Somatic motor fibres
  • Visceral motor fibres
  • General visceral sensory
  • General somatic sensory
  • Special sensory afferents
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22
Q

What is CN I and what is it associated with?

A
  • Olfactory nerve
  • Special sensory (smell)
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23
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve (CN I) originate?

A

They originate at the chemoreceptors of olfacotyr epithelium

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24
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve (CN I) enter the cranium?

A

m through foramina
of cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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25
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to attach directly to the cerebrum?

A

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

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26
Q

What is the second cranial nerve (CN II)?

A

Optic nerve

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27
Q

What is the estimated number of fibres does the optic nerves contain?

A

Est. 1 million

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28
Q

What location does the optic nerve (CN II) have a partial crossover after it moves through the optic canal?

A

optic chiasm

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29
Q

Where does the optic nerve (CN II) terminate?

A

in lateral
geniculate nucleus, (LGN)

In the thalamus

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30
Q

What is the name of cranial nerve III (CN III)?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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31
Q

What is CN III associated with?

A

chief motor nerve to ocular and extraocular muscles (eye muscles)

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32
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate?

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

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33
Q

What type of fibres does the oculomotor nerve comprise?

A

Both somatic and visceral motor fibres

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34
Q

How many oculomotor nuclei is in the mesencephalon?

A

2

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35
Q

What are the 4 somatic motor fibres of the eye does the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

superior rectus
* medial rectus
* inferior rectus
* inferior oblique

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36
Q
  • What 3 things do the VISCERAL oculomotor nerves supply?
A
  • parasympathetic innervation of
    eye via ciliary ganglion
  • smooth muscle of pupil
    (sphincter pupillae) –
    constriction
  • ciliary body -accommodation
    (change in lens shape)
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37
Q

What is the cranial nerve IV? and what is it associated with?

A
  • Trochlear nerve
  • innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye
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38
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate?

A

dorsal mesencephalon

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39
Q

What cranial nerve runs the longest intracranial course?

A
  • Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
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40
Q

What mechanism does the (CN IV) trochlear nerve innervate the superior oliquie extraocular muscle of the eye?

A
  • A pully mechanism
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41
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens nerve

42
Q

What is cranial nerve VI associated with?

A

Abduction of eye movements and movement of lateral rectus nerve

43
Q

Where does the abducens nerve originate?

A

the pons

44
Q

What does the abducens nerve (CN VI) innervate?

A

the lateral rectus extraocular muscle

45
Q

What does the abducens nerve (CN VI) innervate?

A

the lateral rectus extraocular muscle

46
Q

What happens if you damage the CN VI abducens nerve?

A

Cannot move eyeball laterally beyond the midpoint

47
Q

What type of nerve is the abducens nerve?

A
  • Primary motor nerve
48
Q

What are the 3 cranial nerves that innervate eye movement?

A
  • CN III (oculomotor nerve)
  • CN IV - Trochlear nerve
  • CN VI - Abducens nerve
49
Q

What is the mneuonic for the cranial nerves?

A

On - Olfactory

On - Optic

On - Oculomotor

They - Trochlear

Travelled - Trigeminal

And - Abducens

Found - Facial

Voldemort -
Vestibulocochlear

Guarding - Glossopharyngeal

Very - Vagus

Ancient - Accessory

Horses - Hypoglossal

50
Q

What are the first 3 cranial nerves in order?

A

CN I - Olfactory
CN II - Optic
CN III - Oculomotor

51
Q

What are the 3 sensory nerves within the cranial nerves?

A

CN I - olfactory
CN II - Optic
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear

52
Q

What is the nmeuonic for idenifying sensory, motor or both cranial nerves in order?

A

Some
Say
Money
Matters
But
My
Bestie
Says
Big
Brains
Matter
Most

53
Q

What can occur if there are injuries to the CN VI - abducens nerve?

A
  • Intracranial pressure
  • Septic thrombosis
  • Diplopia
54
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

55
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Both

56
Q

Is the olfactory nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

sensory

57
Q

Is the optic nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Sensor

58
Q

Is the oculomotor nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Motor

59
Q

Is the trochlear nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Motor

60
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Both

61
Q

Is the abducens nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Motor

62
Q

Is the Facial nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

B

63
Q

Is the vestibulochochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both?

A

Sensory

64
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Both

65
Q

Is the vagus nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Both

66
Q

Is the accessory nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Motor

67
Q

Is the hypoglossal nerve sensory, motor or both?

A

Motor

68
Q

What are the 4 mixed sensory and motor cranial nerves?

A
  • CN V - Trigeminal
  • CN VII - Facial
  • CN IX - Glosspharyngeal
  • CN X - Vagus
69
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal

70
Q

What are the key sensory functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Principal sensory nerve of the head (face, teeth, mouth, nasal cavity, cranial dura)

71
Q

Where does the CN V trigeminal nerve originate?

A

Pons

72
Q

What are the 3 branches of the CN V - trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
73
Q

How many trigeminal nuclei are there?

A

4

1 x motor
3 x sensory

74
Q

Are the small roots of the trigeminal nerve innervating motor or sensory roots?

A
  • Motor
75
Q

Wha do the large trigeminal nerve roots innervate motor or sensory mechanisms?

A

Sensory

76
Q

Name the trigeminal nerve branches and if they are sensory or motor or both.

A

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)-sensory only

  • Maxillary nerve (CN V2)-sensory only
  • Mandibular nerve (CN V3)-sensory and motor
77
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

78
Q

What is CN VII associated with?

A

Innervation of motor control of facial expression

Facial Parasympathetic efferents & sensory afferents

Mixed nerve

79
Q

Where does the CN VII facial nerve originate?

A

Pons - Cerebellopontine

80
Q

What ganglion is associated with facial nerve sensory neurons?

A

Geniculate ganglion

81
Q

What are the 5 CN VII facial nerve branches?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
82
Q

What is the most frequently paralysed cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

83
Q

What are the 2 special sensory branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII?

A
  • Vestibular (balance)
  • Cochlear (hearing)
84
Q

Where does the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) terminate?

A

in vestibular and
cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla
oblongata

85
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate?

A

vestibular
apparatus and cochlea of
inner ear

86
Q

Where does the vestibular and cochlear nerves separate?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

87
Q

What is the name of CN IX?

A
  • Glossopharangeal nerve
88
Q

What is the major component of the glossopharangeal nerve CN IX?

A
  • Major is general and special sensory innervation
89
Q

How many fibres are shared with CN X from the glossopharangeal nerve?

A

2

90
Q

Where does the CN IX glossopharangeal nerve originate?

A

Upper medulla

91
Q

Where does the minor motor innervation of the glossopharangeal nerve occur?

A

Head & neck (parasympathetic)

92
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus nerve

93
Q

Where does the vagus nerve originate?

A

Medulla oblongata

94
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Cranial
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
95
Q

What is CN XI?

A
  • Accessory nerve
96
Q

Where does the CN XI accessory nerve originate?

A

Origin: motor nuclei of spinal cord

Column of anterior (ventral) horn motor neurons. C1-C6

97
Q

What does teh accessory nerve CN XI innervate?

A

Motor input to neck and upper
back muscles

(sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscles)

98
Q

Where does the CN XI accessory nerve enter the cranium?

A

Via foramen magnum

99
Q

Where does the accessory nerve exit?

A

Via jugular foramen (with IX & X)

100
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

101
Q

What is the CN XII hypoglossal nerve associated with?

A

Motor input to muscles of tongue

Voluntary control

102
Q

Where does CN XII hypoglossal nerve originate?

A

Medulla oblongata

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