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Brain Anatomy > Neuroanatomy Week 3 - Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Week 3 - Spinal Cord Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

Foramen magnum to L1 - L2 spinal level

or Foramen magnum to conus medallaris (medullary cone)

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2
Q

What’s another term for anterior?

A

Ventral

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3
Q

How are the left and right spinal cord halves segregated?

A
  • Anterior median fissure
  • Posterior median septum
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4
Q

What does the spinal cord grey matter comprise of?

A
  • Cell bodies of interneurons
  • Unmyelinated axons
  • Glial support cells
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5
Q

What are the 3 main divisions of the spinal horns?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Lateral horn (intermediate)
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6
Q

What is the anterior part responsible for?

A

Motor function

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7
Q

What is the posterior horn responsible for?

A

Sensory function

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8
Q

What is the intermediate horn associated with?

A

SNS & PNS autonomic NS

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9
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Controls voluntary moments
  • Incl. afferent & efferent signals
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10
Q

What is central group phrenic nucleus associated with?

A

Mnemonic:
C3-4-5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

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11
Q

What is central group phrenic nucleus associated with?

A

Mnemonic:
C3-4-5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

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12
Q

What is the spinal accessory nucleus associated with?

A
  • Is a cranial nerve
  • Between C1 - C5
  • Innervates trapeziuz and sternocloidomastoid
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13
Q

What is the lumbosacral nucleus associated with?

A
  • Between L2 & S3
  • Function - unknown
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14
Q

What is the marginal nucleus of the spinal cord associated with?

A
  • In dorsal horn
  • AKA posteromarginal nucleus
  • Marginal zone
  • Spans whole length of spinal cord
  • Relays pain and thermal stimuli
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15
Q

What is the gelatinous substance associated with?

A
  • Dorsal horn
  • Stretches entire length of spinal cord
  • Modifies sensory input transmissions
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16
Q

What is the nucleus proprius associated with?

A
  • Dorsal horn
  • Full length of the spinal cord
  • ## Forns lateral spinothalamic tract
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17
Q

What is the posterior thoracic nucleus associated with?

A

Aka: nucleus dorsalis, Clarkes nucleus, column of Clarke

  • Stretches between C8 - L3
  • Receives proprioceptive feedback
  • ## Gives rise to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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18
Q

Where is the lateral horn?

A
  • Central horn within the spinal cord grey matter
  • Aka intermediate zone
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19
Q

What 2 nuclei does the lateral horn contain?

A
  • Intermediolateral nucleus
  • Intermediomedial nucleus
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20
Q

What is the intermediolateral nucleus associated with?

A
  • Within the lateral horn (intermediate zone) of the spinal cord
  • Stretches between T1 & L2
  • Gives rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibres
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21
Q

What is the intermediomedial nucleus associated with?

A
  • Extends from S2 to S4
  • Lateral horn
  • Gives rise to preganglionic PNS fibres
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22
Q

What is the exed laminae?

A
  • Organization of cells and fibres within the grey matter exhibiting a defined pattern
  • Has 10 defined layers Lamina I - LX
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23
Q

What direction are sensory signals sent to the thalamus and cerebral cortex?

A

Rostrally

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24
Q

Where is the spinal cord found?

A
  • Spinal canal of the vertebral column
25
Q

What are 4 things protecting the spinal cord?

A
  • The vertebrae
  • Attaching ligaments
  • Minenges
  • CSF (cushioning)
26
Q

What are the 3 spinal cord meninges?

A
  • Pia mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Dura mater
27
Q

What is pia mater associated with?

A
  • Innermost meningeal layer
  • Thin
  • Surface of the spinal cord
28
Q

What is arachnoid mater associated with?

A
  • between subarachnoid space & dura mater
  • Forms the outer boundary of the fluid-filled subarachnoid space
29
Q

What is dura mater associated with?

A
  • Thick
  • outermost layer
30
Q

What is the pachymeninges?

A

AKA The denticulate ligament

Located between Between the pia mater (inner) and arachnoid meninges (middle)

31
Q

Where is the denticulate ligament?

A

Between the pia mater (inner) and arachnoid meninges (middle)

32
Q

How many points is the denticulate ligament aka (parchymeninges) attached?

A

21 points

33
Q

Where is the spinal cord epidural space?

A
  • Anterior and Posterior
  • Contains fat
  • Offers protection
  • Contains venous plexus
34
Q

How many spinal cord external segments are there?

A

31

35
Q

How many nerves and the number of vertebrae does the cervical spine segment have?

A

Nerves - 8
C1 - C7

36
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Lumbosacral roots

37
Q

Spinal cord white matter consists of what 3 columns (funiculi)?

A
  • The dorsal funiculus
  • Lateral funiculus
  • Ventral funiculus
38
Q

What does grey matter contain?

A
  • Cell bodies and glia
39
Q

What is the white matter of the spinal cord associated with?

A

Ascending or descending fiber pathways

40
Q

What is the medullary cone?

A

the cone-shaped terminal portion of the spinal cord.

41
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

42
Q

What does the deep ventral (anterior) median fissure contain?

A
  • Connective tissue of the pia mater
  • Anterior spinal artery
43
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid can be sampled by inserting a needle into what area?

A

the subarachnoid space below the level of the medullary cone

44
Q

What part of the spinal cord horn are motor neurons?

A

Ventral horn

45
Q

Where do sensory axons enter the horn?

A

dorsal horn and the dorsal funiculi

46
Q

What fasciculi does the ascending tracts include?

A

Gracile & cuneate fasciculi

47
Q

What is the ascending crossed tract from the dorsal horn associated with sensation?

A

Spinothalamic tract

48
Q

What are 2 descending motor tracts?

A
  • Vestibulospinal tract
  • Crossed lateral corticospinal tract

Controls skeletal muscles

49
Q

What 2 fibres influence autonomic functions?

A

Hypothalamospinal fibres
Reticulospinal fibers

50
Q

What is the The innermost meningeal layer?

A

Pia Mater

51
Q

What is the outmost layer of the meninges?

A

Dura Mater

52
Q

What is the epidural space predominantly filled with?

A

Fatty tissue

53
Q

What’s the cauda equina?

A

Lumbosacral roots

54
Q

What colour is the filum terminale?

A

Blue

55
Q

What segements are the spinal cord cervical enlargements?

A

C5 - T1

56
Q

What segments of the spinal cord make lumbosacral enlargement?

A

L1 - S4

57
Q

What does substantia gelatinosa contain?

A

Interneurons that have a predominent role in pain

58
Q

How many layers of laminae of Rexed are there?

A

10

Brain Anatomy (59 decks)

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