NEUR532 - The Cerebellum Flashcards
Who came up with the name cerebellum?
Galen
What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellar cortex?
Molecular layer
- Purkinje Layer
- Granule cells
What are the 3 cerebellar cortical layers and cell types found in each region?
Describe the major efferent and afferent circuitry of the cerebellar cortex including the local circuitry
Define the 3 major functional subdivisions of the cerebellum including their anatomical location, afferent/efferent pathways and functions
What are the key associative functions of the cerebellum?
- Motor area of the brain
- Maintains muscle contractions
- Muscle memory and learning
Pathways
- LMN: lower motor neurons
- BS: brainstem
- SC: spinal cord
What are the 2 major anatomical divisions of the cerebellum?
- Cerebellar cortex
- Deep cerebellar nuclei
What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
- Pontocerebellum
- Spinocerebellum
- Vestibulocerebellum
What are the 3 nuclei within the deep cerebellar nuclei?
- Dentate nucleus
- Interposed nuclei
- Fastigial nucleus
What are the 3 lobes within the cerebellum?
- Flocculonodular
- Anterior
- Posterior
What does the vermis mean?
“The worm”
What is the folucculus lobe associated with?
Balance & Equilibrium
What does folia mean?
- Highly folded surface
What are the 3 cortical layers of the cerebellar cortex?
- Molecular
- Purkinje cells
- Granule cells
What do the purkinje cells do within the cerebellum?
- They are the major output neurons of the cerebellar cortex
What do climbing fibres synapse onto?
A single Purkinje cell
What do the mossy fibres synapse onto?
- Excitatory interneurons (granule cells)
then form parallel fibers
What do the mossy fibres synapse onto?
- Excitatory interneurons (granule cells)
then form parallel fibers
Purkinje cells
Cerebellar cortex structure
Internal cerebellum circuitry
What’s another name for deep cerebellum nucleus?
Central cerebellum nucleus
What do basket cells do to purkinje cells?
- Initiate inhibitory stimulation for negative feedback (disinhibition)
What does the disinhibition of circuitry surround regulate?
Precision
What fibres do all input come through?
Mossy fibres
What layers do mossy fibre synapse with neurons to form glomeruli?
Granule cell layer
What is the most lateral deep cerebellar nuclei?
Dentate nucleus (fine motor control)
What 2 nuclei make up the interposed deep cerebellar nuclei?
- Globose nucleus
- Emboliform nucleus
(walking circuit)
What does the fastigial nucleus regulate?
Balance and equilibrium
What does the fastigial nucleus regulate?
Balance and equilibrium
Whats another term for cerebrocerebellum ?
Pontocerebellum
What area does the superior cerebellar peduncles get afferent inputs from?
Spinal cord
Colliculi
What area does the middle cerebellar peduncles get afferent inputs from?
Pontine nuclei
What area does the inferior cerebellar peduncles get afferent inputs from?
- Inferior olive
- Spinal cord
- Vestibular nerve
Where does the inferior cerebellar peduncles send efferent stimuli?
- Vestibular nuclei
- Reticular formation
Where does the superior cerebellar peduncles sent efferent output to?
- Upper motor neurons in sup. colliculus
- Primary motor areas (Area 4)
- Pre motor areas (area 6)
via ventral lateral thalamus
Does the middle cerebellar peduncles have efferent output?
No
Learn these!
What is the vestibulocerebellum associated with?
- Occupies the flocculonodular lobe
- Input from vestibular nuclei and organs
- Influences motor activity via the spinal tracts
- Maintenance of balance, co-ordination of the head & eye movements
Vestibulocerebellum
- Black outputs
- Inputs: blue
Learn the spinocerebellum
What is the spinocerebellum associated with?
- Walking
- Posture regulation
Study
