NEUR533 - Molecular mechanisms of learning and memory Flashcards
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
What does the acquisition of short-term memory essentially require?
- Physical brain modifications caused by incoming sensory information
- Modifying synaptic transmission between neurons
What does long-term memory consolidation require?
New gene expression and protein synthesis
Flow of sensory information into long term memory
what animal was a lot of learning and memory studies conducted on in the early days?
Aplysia
Californian sea slug
Studies done in the 70’s
Advantages
- large brain
- simple brain
- large abdominal ganglia
- Neurons can be easily identified
-
Repeated stimulation =
- no changes presynaptically
- BUT sees changes in excitatory post-synaptic potentiation
= HABITUATION
SENSITIZATION CELLULAR MECHANISM - KNOW
What is neuron L29?
- secondary motor neuron
- Interneuron
- Activated by stimulation (electrical) in the head ganglia
- Released 5-HT
- Binds to GPCR
- Closes K+ channels
- Delays K+ repolarization
What does an increase in closing K+ channels do for an action potential?
- Shift to the right
- Longer repolarisation
- Increased VG Ca2+ channels
= Increased Ca+ influx
= Increase NT
= Increased post-synaptic potential
= Sensitisation
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Cellular mechanism of classical conditioning of the gill withdrawal reflex.
- Opens presynaptic Ca++ channels
- Ca++ influx
- Ca+ activates AdCy
- Changing nature of presynatpic terminal
- Stimulates L7 neuron
(needs to be paired by cAMP)
Structure of the cerebellar cortex - always understand
What are the 4 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granule cell layer
White Matter
What do climbing fibres do?
Innovate a single purkinje neuron
Long term depression of synaptic transmission in cerebella cortex
A mechanism of LTD induction in the cerebellum
What do climbing fibres do?
- Activate Na+ channels
- Releases glu
- Activates VG Ca++ channels on post synaptic membrane
- Increases intracellular Ca+
(must be paired) - Large stimulatory activation prior to PKC
= FEWER post synaptic AMPA receptors
What does a reduction in AMPA receptors do to PSM
- LTD
- Reduction in PS excitation
- Only when parallel fibres and climbing fibres come together
What does the internalisation of AMPA receptors and LTD do intracellularly?
Getting rid of movements that dotn need
fine tuning of motor system
- Reduces errors in movement
LTS in the cerebellum - LEARN AND DRAW THIS GRAPH
What does the increase of internal Ca++ concentration do?
Increase AdCy
What does the increase in AdCy do?
Increase cAMP
Increase PKA
Increase phosphorylation
Increase gene transcription
What does the increase internal Na+ concentration and activation of PKC do PLUS combine with internal Ca++ concentration?
Internalise AMPA receptors
= Decrease openings of AMPA receptor channels
= Reduce LTP
= Initiate LTD