NEUR533 - Wk1 - chemical control Flashcards
What cells stimulate oxytocin and vasopressin?
Mangocellular cells in the hypothalamas
What 2 neurohormones come from the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
What cells within the hypothalamus regulate anterior pituitary lobe homeostasis?
Parvocellular cells
What do preganglionic neurons release onto muscaniric and nicotinic receptors?
Achetylcholine
What does the periventricular zone connect to?
The brainstem
Spinal cord nuclei
Nucleus of solitary tract
What is the function of solitary nucleus?
Sensory internal organ info integration
Coordinates output to autonomic brain stem nuclei
Preganglionic neurotransmitters: ACh binds to nAChR evoking fast or slow EPSP?
Fast
Ganglionic Ach activates mAChR causing _____ EPSPs and IPSPs?
Slow
Where does the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons send dopamine primarily?
To the striatum
Where does the ventral tegmental area neurons send dopamine primarily?
Frontal lobe
What do parvocellular neuroscretory cells of the hypothalamus secrete hypophysiotropc hormones into?
Specialized hypothalamo-pituitary portal capillary beds (anterior pituitary)
How many seconds does CRH take to stimulate the anterior pituitary release of ACTH?
estimated 15 seconds
What is the primary transmitter of peripheral autonomic neurons?
acetylcholine ACh
What do pregnanglionic neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions release?
ACh
When ACh binds to a nictonic receptor for EPSP is it fast or slow?
fast
muscanaric ACh receptors (mAChR) are what type of receptor?
a. Metabotropic (G-coupled)
muscanaric ACh receptors (mAChR) cause what affect?
Opening and closing of ion channels
What affect do postganglionic neurotransmitters have of the autonomic motor neurons?
Induces/triggers glandular secretion, sphincter control
What is the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic division?
norepinephrine (NE)
Whats the main neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic PNS?
ACh
What are the 4 neurotransmitters that regulate diffuse modulatory systems?
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine
Why are the 4 neurotransmitters key for diffuse modulatory systematic mechanisms?
Metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors
What are key features of diffuse modulatory system neurons?
- Small, core set of neurons
- Cell bodies in brainstem (not cortical)
- Diffuse neurotransmitter release
- Widespread influence
Noradrenergic locus coeruleus USES WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER?
Norepinephrine
What is the origin, target and activation of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus?
Origin: pons
Target: most of the CNS
Activated by: New, unexpected, nonpainful sensory stimuli
What is the Locus Coeruleus involved in?
- Attention
- Arousal
- Circaidian rythm
- Learning/memory
- Pain
- Mood
- Brain metabolism
Where are the serotonergic raphe nuclei located?
Pons and medulla
What system is the serotonergic raphe nuclei part of?
Ascending reitcular activating system
What is the serotonergic raphe nuclei involved in?
- Sleep/wake cycle
- Mood
- ## Most active during wakefulness
How many estimated synaptic connections can one Locus Coeruleus neuron make?
250,000 synpases
Where does the nigrostriatia dopamine system originate?
Substantia Nigra pars compacta (midbrain)
What are the key targes of the nigrostriatal dopamine system?
- Dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen)
What is the nigrostriatal dopamine system involved in?
- Movement
What is the origin of the mesolimbic dopamine system?
- Ventral tegmental area (midbrain)
What are the targets of the mesolimbic dopamine system?
- Ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens)
- Frontal cortex
What are the key involvements of the mesolimbic dopamine system
- Reward
- Reinforcement
- (food, water, sex, accomplishments)
- Addiction is associated with overstimulation of this system
What is the origin of the cholinergic basal forebrain system?
Basal forebrain
(Medial septal nuclei)
+ Basal nucleus of Meynert
What does the cholinergic basal forebrain system target?
- Cerebral cortex
- Hippocampus
What is the cholinergic basal forebrain ssystem involved in?
- Circadian
- Learning/memory
Where is the origin of the cholinergic brainstem system?
Ponomesencephalo-tegmental complex