NEUR533 - sex and the brain Flashcards
How many autosomes (first 22 pairs of chromosomes) are there in genetics?
44
Is the X chromosome larger than Y?
Yes
How many genes does the X and Y chromosomes contain?
X = 800 genes
Y = 50 genes
Is the SRY gene on the X or Y chromosome?
Y
What are autosomes?
- First 22 pairs of chromosomes
- Contain genes responsible for traits and characteristics
What enzyme converts testosterone to oestradiol
Aromatase
What are 2 gonadotropin hormones
- LH
- FSH
What do the gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH do specifically in males?
- LH: stimulates testosterone
- FSH: aids sperm maturation
What neurotransmitters relax smooth muscle in the penis and clitoris?
- ACh
- Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
- NO
What is the main bonding hormones in males and females?
- Females; oxytocin
Males - vasopressin
Oxytocin is also both - especially with intercourse
What does PAG stand for in the brain?
Periaqueductal Grey matter
Look into COX inhibitors and the sexual brain
Is vasopressin receptors and increased dendritic spine density associated with paternal motivation and behaviour? Y/N
Yes
How many chromosomes in total is the DNA organised into?
46
23 maternal
23 paternal
Where is LH and FSH hormones released?
anterior pituitary gland
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to release LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Define polygyny and polyandry
polygyny: males mates with many females
polyandry: females mate with many men
Whats another term for vasopressin?
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
What is the name of the vole that exhibits solid family values?
Prairie vole
What is the clearest dimorphic nuclei found to be twice as large in men than women?
INAH-3
INAH-3 in homosexual men is similar in size to that of women.
For example, certain metabolites (breakdown products) of progesterone bind to the inhibitory GABAA receptor and poten- tiate the amount of chloride current activated by GABA. The effects of these progesterone metabolites are quite similar to the sedative and anticonvul- sant effects of the benzodiazepine class of drugs
Does leptin suppress or increase appetite?
suppress
Other research has found the anterior commissure and suprachiasmatic nucleus to be larger in male homosexuals than in male heterosexuals.
One study reported that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is larger in men than women and that male-to-female transsexuals have a nucleus comparable in size to females.
DNA is organized into____ chromosomes
46
23 from the father and 23 from the mother
it is usually stated that there are___ autosomes (22 pairs of matching chromosomes) and two sex chromosomes.
44
any defect in the single X chromosome of a male can lead to a developmental defect. Such a defect is called an_________ disease, and there are many.
X-linked