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Brain Anatomy > PHAR232 - ANS revision > Flashcards

PHAR232 - ANS revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Note - almost all PNS arise from the brainstem and almost all SNS arise form the spinal cord (exception being bladder and genitals)

A
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2
Q

Important to note!

Majority of lung tissue is parasympathetic
- which is why ADRENALIN is important because it’s a hormone

NOT noradrenaline to which is a NT

A
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3
Q

Where does the small amount of SNS fibers go into the lungs?

A

Upper part of the airway

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4
Q

Why are there NO SNS neurons in the lungs?

A

To avoid complete constriction upon SNS activation

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5
Q

How does the SNS REGULATE lung tissue, if they don’t have SNS neuronal fibres linking to the lungs?

A

Via - Beta-2 adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

Are the lung bronchioles mediated by adrenaline or noradrenalin?

A

ADRENALINE

(It’s a hormone NOT a neurotransmitter)

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7
Q

At rest what is the control of the lungs regulated by the ANS? SNS or PNS?

A

PNS is control of the lungs at rest
BUT there are no receptors for PNS in the lungs - it’s all about adrenalin and beta-2 adrenergic receptors

due to being mediated by the beta-2 adrenergic receptors (via adrenaline the hormone)

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8
Q

What is a synapse between 2 neurons called?

A

autonomic ganglion

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9
Q

What is the CNS to ganglia called?

A

Pre-ganglionic neuron
(ALWAYS originates in the CNS and is myelinated)

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10
Q

Are pre-ganglionic neurons myelinated?

A

yes

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11
Q

What is it called to connect the ganglia to an organ?

A

post-ganglionic neuron

UNMYELINATED and terminates at the EFFECTOR ORGAN

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12
Q

Why does the SNS have a longer 2nd neuron?

A

Hypothesis:
Quicker reaction when required

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13
Q

What is the ganglion?

A

The synapse between a pre-ganlionic neuron and a post-ganglionic neuron

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14
Q

Is the 2nd neuron myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

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15
Q

Is the pre-ganglionic neuron in the PNS long or short?

A

long (Hint: PNS is a longer word)

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16
Q

What is the short ganglion in the PNS? Pre or Post?

A

Post-ganglion in PNS is short

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17
Q

In the SNS is the preganglionic neuron short or long?

A

Short (hint - SNS is a shorter word)

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18
Q

What is the long ganglion in the SNS? Pre or Post ganglionic neuron?

A

Post

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19
Q
A
20
Q

SYMPATHETIC PATHWAYS

A

PARASYMPATHETIC PATHWAYS

21
Q
A
22
Q

At heart the rest is PNS or SNS?

A

Primarily PARASYMPATHETIC

In the heart - heart has more SNS neurons than PNS
= Significant SNS influence upon activation

23
Q

What do ALL PNS and SNS fibres release pre-ganglionic?

A

ACh
= Cholinergic fibers

24
Q

What are ALL post-ganglionic cells expressing if all pre-ganglionic fibres are cholinergic and releasing ACh?

A

nAChRs (BOTH PNS AND SNS)

25
Q

What do ALL PNS post-ganglionic fibres release?

A

ACh

26
Q

What type of post-ganglionic fibres are in PNS?

A

cholinergic
Releases ACh

27
Q

If all PNS post-ganglionic fibres release ACh and are cholinergic, what would be the target organ receptors?

A

mAChRs

28
Q

What type of receptor is nAChRs?

A

Ion gated channels
SO THEY ARE FAST

29
Q

What type of receptors are on PNS target organs?

A

mAChRs = GPCR
(LESS URGENT = SLOWER)

30
Q

what do MOST SNS post-ganglionic fibres release?

A

Noradrenline

31
Q

What type of fibres are SNS post-ganglionic neurons?

A

Adrenergic fibres
= NA

32
Q

What are the target receptors for SNS post-ganglionic adrenergic fibres?

A

Alpha or Beta Adrenergic Receptors

33
Q

What 3 post-ganglionic SNS fibres release ACh???

A
  1. Skin
  2. Sweat glands
  3. Skin blood vessels

REMEMBER: S, S, S

34
Q

What type of RECEPTORS would skin, sweat glands and skin blood vessels have for SNS ACh transmission?

A

mAChRs = NOT AS IMPORTANT
= slower
= BUT still controlled by SNS
= Want to be controlled by SNS to support ‘fight flight’ running and heat = want to cool and increased sweat

35
Q
A
36
Q

What does the adrenal medulla release in response to post-ganglionic SNS stimulation on the nAChRs??

A

Adrenaline NOT noradrenaline
= Hormone
= Blood stream

37
Q

Draw out just to reiterate lol

A
38
Q

Does noradrenalin like Beta 2 receptors?

A

not primarily

39
Q

Where do you find nicotinic ACh receptors?

A
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Brain
40
Q

Where do you find mAChRs?

A
  • Heart
  • Glands
  • Eyes
  • Lungs
  • GI

Remember mAChRs = PNS

41
Q
A
42
Q

where do you find alpha NA and Adrenaline receptors?

A

Blood vessels
GI
Brain

43
Q

Where do you fine beta NA and adrenaline receptors?

A

heart,
lungs
kidney
brain

44
Q

Summary - review and draw

A
45
Q
A
46
Q
A

Brain Anatomy (59 decks)

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