Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain Anatomy > NEUR531 - Visual field > Flashcards

NEUR531 - Visual field Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Describe the laminar organization of the retina

A
  • Photoreceptors
  • Bipolar receptors
  • ## (ganglion cells) produce APs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the basic structure of rod and cone photoreceptors, and the
regional differences in distribution and connectivity of these
receptors across the retina.

A
  • Outer segment
  • Inner segment
  • Cell body
  • Synaptic terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give a detailed account of the process of phototransduction in rods
and cones.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe how the receptive fields of ON and OFF bipolar cells are
formed by inputs from photoreceptors and horizontal cells.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the centre-surround organization of receptive fields of
ganglion cells.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain how populations of ganglion cells give rise to enhanced border
detection in the retina.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the different types of ganglion cells, and their distinctive
stimulus-response characteristics.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain what is meant by colour-opponency in ganglion cell receptive
fields.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Distinguish between the receptive fields of “simple” cells and
“complex” cells in striate cortex

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discuss the neurobiological theories of visual perception.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a retina do?

A
  • Comprises photoreceptors: converts light energy into neural activity
  • Detects differences in intensity of light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the lateral genicular nucleus (LGN) do?

A
  • First synpatic relay in the primary visual pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What wavelength in nm do humans perceive?

A

400 - 700nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is lower energy wavelengths in nm?

a. 400
b. 700

A

700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is lower energy wavelengths in nm?

a. 400
b. 700

A

700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do horizontal cells receive input?

A

Photoreceptors and bipolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of the retinal cell layers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What photoreceptor has more discs, rods or cones?

A

cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many times are rods more sensitive to light than cones?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many times are rods more sensitive to light than cones?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which photoreceptor is specific to colour, rods or cones?

A

cones

20
Q

What photoreceptor has a higher ratio in the peripheral retina?

A

Rods

21
Q

What area of the retina is more sensitive to low light?

A

Peripheral retina

22
Q

REgional differences in retinal structure

A
23
Q

What area of the retina has a 1:1 convergence with bipolar cells, enabling higher acuity vision?

A

Fovea centralis cones

24
Q

What area of the eye has the most visual acuity?

A

Fovea

25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q

Are photoreceptors depolarized or hyperpolarized in the light?

A

Hyperpolarized

28
Q
A
29
Q

Does the cGMP-gated sodium channel also allow Ca2+ into the the channel?

A

Yes

30
Q

Is G-protein (transducin) active or inactive during the day (light)?

A

Active

31
Q

Is G-protein (transducin) active or inactive during the day (light)?

A

Active

32
Q

What does activating g-protein transducin do?

A
  • reduce cGMP to GMP via phosphodiesterase
33
Q
A
34
Q

What happens when cGMP channels open?

A
35
Q

What are the only cells that fire action potentions within the retinal processing?

A
  • ganglion cells

Other retinal neurons produce GRADED membrane potentials

36
Q

What are Receptive fields?

A

Area of retina where
light changes
neuron’s firing rate

37
Q
A
38
Q

What are ‘off bipolar’ (rod) cells depolarized by?

A

The dark

39
Q

What neurotransmitter do neurotransmitter release in the dark?

A

Glutamate

40
Q

Are ‘on bipolar’ cells hyperpolarized or depolarized by the dark?

A

Hyperpolarized (inhibitory)

41
Q

Are ‘on bipolar cells ‘depolarized or hyperpolarized by the light?

A
  • Depolarized by the light
42
Q

Learn

A

Learn

43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

2 types of retinal ganglion cells - learn

A

M = magnocellular layer
P = Parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A

Brain Anatomy (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions