NEUR530 - SENSORY Vision & hearing Flashcards
Differentiate between sensation and perception.
Describe visible light, hue, saturation, and brightness in the perception of light.
Identify the structures of the eye and describe their function in visual processing
Contrast the location and function of rods and cones.
Describe the process of transduction of visual stimuli.
Compare the characteristics of central and peripheral vision, including receptive fields and eye movements.
Explain how stimuli are conveyed to the brain through the optic nerves.
Describe the visual pathway, including the roles of the striate and the extrastriate cortex
- photoreceptors synapse with bipolar and retinal ganglion cells
- retinal ganglion cells send info to optic nerves and LGN in the thalamus
- the LGN send info to primary visual cortex, or V1 (occipital lobe)
- From V1, information is sent the visual association cortex or (V2)
- more complex aspects of visual processing may also travel on to additional cortical areas, such as V4 or V5
Describe the pattern of retinal ganglion cell input and the layers of the LGN.
Identify the role of the striate cortex in visual processing.
- first visual cortex region (V1)
- receives input from the LGN
- first region combining visual information
- necessary for visual perception
- transmits to the extrastriate cortex (V2)
- 25% is devoted to information from the fovea
Identify the role of the extrastriate cortex in visual processing, including the dorsal and ventral streams.
- consists additional regions (named V2–V5)
-contains neurons that respond orientation, movement, retinal disparity, color - passes the results on to “higher” regions for further analysis.
Compare how the trichromatic and opponent-color system theories explain color perception in the retina.
Describe the role of the striate cortex in color perception.
Describe the role of the extrastriate cortex in color perception
Describe the roles of the ventral stream and fusiform face area in perception of form.
Explain how the eyes, the striate cortex, and the extrastriate cortex contribute to the perception of spatial location.
Explain how cells in the striate cortex respond to orientation.
Cells will respond only when the line is in a particular position—a particular orientation. Some neurons respond to a vertical line, some to a horizontal line, and some to a line oriented somewhere in between. Figure 6.21 shows the responses of a neuron in the striate cortex when lines were presented at various orientations. As you can see, this neuron responded the most when a vertical line was presented in its receptive field.
Describe the roles of the extrastriate cortex in perception of movement.
What is sensation?
specialized cells detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into receptor potentials.
What is perception?
The conscious experience and interpretation of information from the senses.
What is hue ?
One of the perceptual dimensions of color; the dominant wavelength.
The visible spectrum displays the range of hues that our eyes can detect.
What is brightness ?
The perceptual intensity of colour
intensity of the electromagnetic radiation
Retinal circuitry
Learn
The primary visual cortex is also called the … what?
striate cortex
because it contains a dark-staining layer (striation) of cells.
What is another name for the visual association cortex aka V2?
extrastriate cortex
because this region surrounds the striate cortex
The lateral geniculate nucleus contains how many layers of neurons?
6
What does LGN stand for?
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
What does the VENTRAL stream do?
- recognizes WHAT an object is and what COLOURS it has
What does the DORSAL stream do?
- recognizes WHERE the object is
- and its movement, speed and direction.
