Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain Anatomy > Neurobiology Week 3 - Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Neurobiology Week 3 - Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is the most prominent synpase found in the vertebrates?

A

Chemical synpases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many types of CNS synpases are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 main different CNS synapses?

A
  • Axodendritic
  • Axosomatic
  • Axoaxonic
  • Axospinous
  • Dendrodendritic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s axodentric synapses?

A

Axon to dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s axosomatic?

A

Axon to cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s axoaxonic?

A

axon to axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s axospinous?

A

Axon to dendritic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s dendrodentritic?

A

dendrite to dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is grey’s type I synaptic membrane associated with?

A

Excitatory signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Gray’s type II synaptic membranes associated with?

A

Inhibitory signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Gray’s type II synaptic membranes associated with?

A

Inhibitory signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 major neurotransmitter categories?

A

Amino Acids
Amines
Peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 amino acid neurotransmitters?

A
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  • Glutamate (Glu)
  • Glycine (Gly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 6 amine neurotransmitters?

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)
  • Dopamine (DA)
  • Epinephrine
  • Histamine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Serotonin (5-HT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are small neurotransmitters synthesised?

A

In the synaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are neuropeptides transported from?

A

The soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What mechanism are neurotransmitters released?

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Breakdown the mechanisms of neurotransmitter release:

A
  1. Exocytosis stimulated by intracellular Ca2+
  2. Proteins alter conformation - activated
  3. Vesicle membrane incorporated into presynaptic membrane
  4. Neurotransmitter released into cleft
  5. Vesicle membrane recovered by endocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are SNARE proteins?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the synaptotagmin ?

A
20
Q

Explain reversal potentials

A
21
Q

What is EPSP?

A

Transient postsynaptic membrane depolarisation caused by presynaptic release of neutotransmitter

22
Q

What is IPSP

A

Transient hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential caused y presynaptic release of neurotransmitters

23
Q

Describe the generation of an IPSP at an inhibitory synapse

A
24
Q

Discuss how a G-protein coupled receptor works

A
25
Q

How many connexin sub-units form 1 x connexon

A

6

26
Q

What do gap junction channels do?

A

Allow ionic currents between 2 cells

27
Q

What’s the term where cells are connected by gap junctions?

A

Electrically coupled

28
Q

What’s the average length of a synaptic cleft?

A

20–50 nm wide

29
Q

What is an axodendritic synapse?

A

Post-synaptic membrane on a dendrite

30
Q

What is an Axosomatic chemical synapse?

A

Post-synaptic membrane is on a cell body

31
Q

What is an axoaxonic chemical synapse?

A

A post-synpatic membrane on another axon

32
Q

What is an axospinous chemical synapse?

A

Where a PRE-synatpic axon axon termal contacts a POST-synaptic dendritic spine

33
Q

What is a dendrodentritic chemical synapse?

A

Dendrites forming synapses with another dendrite

34
Q

What is 3DEM?

A

3 dimensional electron microscopy

35
Q

What is a grey’s type I synapse?

A

Usually excitatory
Asymmetrical

36
Q

What is a grey’s type II synapse?

A

Usually inhibitory
Symmetrical

36
Q

What is a grey’s type II synapse?

A

Usually inhibitory
Symmetrical

37
Q

What are 3 amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

GABA
Glutamate (Glu)
Glycine (Gly)

38
Q

What are 6 amine amino acids?

A

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Histamine
Serotonin

39
Q

What are the 9 peptide neurotransmitters?

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Dynorphin
Enkephalins (Enk)
N-acytelaspartylglutamate (NAAG)

Neuropeptide Y
Somatostatin
Substance P
Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)

40
Q

What are the fastest CNS synpases mediated by?

A

Amino acid neurotransmitters

Glycine
Glutamate
GABA

41
Q

What is the key amine mediating neuromuscular synpatic transmission?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

42
Q

Where are peptide neurotransmitters formed?

A

The rough ER

43
Q

What triggers neurotransmitter release?

A

Depolarisation of the terminal membrane causing calcium channels in to open.

44
Q

What are SNARE proteins?

A

SNAREs allow one membrane to snare an- other.

44
Q

What are SNARE proteins?

A

SNAREs allow one membrane to snare an- other.

SNARES allow a vesicle to “dock” very close to a presynaptic membrane ready for Ca2+ influx & neurotransmitter exocytosis

45
Q

What is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

A

postsynaptic membrane depolarization caused by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitter

46
Q

What is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic mem- brane potential caused by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitter

Brain Anatomy (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions