P7 - Inflammation Part 2 Flashcards
granulocytes (4)
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- mast cells
mononuclear cells (2)
- monocytes/macrophages
- lymphocytes
where are neutrophils produced
- bone marrow
do neutrophils respond early or late to infection
- early
how do neutrophils kill pathogens
- phagocytosis
neutrophils primary granules (3)
- myeloperoxidase
- defensins
- neutral proteases
neutrophils secondary granules (4)
- lactoferrin
- collagenase
- plasminogen activator
- histamine
role of neutrophil granules (2)
- intracellular killing
- extracellular degranulation
neutrophil extracellular traps composed of
- neutrophil granule proteins and DNA that trap and likely kill pathogens
where are eosinophils produced
- bone marrow
what type of diseases are eosinophils most often associated with (2)
- hypersensitivities
- parasites
how do eosinophils eliminate pathogens
- degranulate
parts of eosinophils degranulation (3)
- major basic protein
- phosphates
- proteases
presentations of feline eosinophilic lesions
- eosinophilic plaques
- eosinophilic (linear) granulomas
- eosinophilic (indolent, rate) ulcer
eosinophilic plaques features (4)
- round to ovoid
- single to multiple
- very pruritic
- mostly seen on trunk
eosinophilic (linear) granulomas features (3)
- linear
- elevated lesions
- often on thigh
eosinophilic (indolent, rat) ulcer features (3)
- round to ovoid
- ulcerated
- on lips
eosinophilic granuloma of dogs is more prevalent in
- male dogs
- huskies and spaniels
eosinophilic granuloma of dogs form
- oral
- cutaneous also seen
equine collagenolytic granulmos features
- gray-white nodules
- in saddle area
eosinophilic myositis in dogs name and feature
- eosinophilic masticatory myositis
- temporalis and masseter muscles contain type 2M myosin -> targeted by antibodies
eosinophilic myositis in sheep and cattle features
- infiltration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with eosinophils
- can cause sudden death depending on tissue and severity
basophils and mast cells prevalence in blood compared to other leukocytes
- no as common
basophils location
- in blood
mast cells location
- tissues
how to basophils and mast cells contribute to the inflammatory process (2)
- degranulation
- release histamine and heparin
types of lymphocytes (3)
- T-lymphocytes
- B-lymphocytes
- NK cells
Lymphocytes associated with cell mediated immunity during inflammation
- T-lymphocytes
lymphocytes associated with immunoglobulins during inflammation
- B- lymphocytes
lymphocytes associated with killing during inflammation
- NK cells
T-cell sub-types (2)
- cytotoxic T-cells (CD8/MHC I)
- T-helper cells (CD4/MHC II)
T-cell killing pathogenesis
- make contact with target
- release cytotoxins -> protease cascade within cell
- programmed cell death (apoptosis)
T-cell timeframe and inciting cause
- long timeframe
- usually on second time infection
- inciting cause cell mediated (antigen within cell); viruses
main function of plasma cells (B-Cells)
- immunoglobulin production
- immunoglobulin that is blood and provides longest protection
IgG
immunoglobulin that is the first antibody secreted
IgM
immunoglobulin that found primarily in secretions from mucous membranes
IgA
immunoglobulin that attaches to basophils and mast cells
- hypersensitivities and parasites
IgE
immunoglobulin that acts as receptors on B-cells
IgD
NK cells secrete
- perforin and granzyme
Roles of macrophages in inflammation (3)
- phagocytosis
- antigen presentation
- iron sequestren
why are multinucleated giant cells formed
- when a particle is difficult to phagocytose
permanent macrophages in liver
- kuppfer cell
permanent macrophages in epidermis
- langerhans cells
permanent macrophages in brain
- microglial cells
permanent macrophages in placenta
- hofbauer cells
permanent macrophages in bone
- osteoclasts
what does it mean when there are a lot of macrophages responding to a pathogen
- timeframe is late chronic
- body having a hard time eliminating the cause
