P28 - Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Part 2

Question 1

passive congestion occurs due to

Answer 1

• right-sided heart failure produces elevated pressure in caudal vena cava
• congestion -> hypoxia -> centrilobular degeneration, atrophy and loss of hepatocytes

Question 2

nutmeg liver is a sign of

Answer 2

• passive congestion

Question 3

grossly, passive congestion results in what type of liver

Answer 3

• enlarged with rounded edges

Question 4

congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) is abnormal what

Answer 4

• vascular structure that allows portal blood to bypass liver and drain directly into systemic circulation

Question 5

animals affected with congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) will have what

Answer 5

• stunted growth and frequently develop sings of hepatic encephalopathy
• seizures, star gazing, head pressing, dullness

Question 6

gross appearance of congenital portosystemic shunt liver

Answer 6

• small (microhepatica)

Question 7

histological appearance of congenital portosystemic shunt in liver

Answer 7

• lobular atrophy, portal miniaturization with small or absent portal veins
• reduplication of arterioles

Question 8

what type of crystaluria is common in congenital portosystemic shunt

Answer 8

• ammonium biurate crystalluria

Question 9

intrahepatic shunts common in

Answer 9

• large breed dogs

Question 10

extrahepatic shunts common in

Answer 10

• small breed dogs and cats

Question 11

congenital portal vein hypoplasia also known as

Answer 11

• hepatic microvascular dysplasia

Question 12

congenital portal vein hypoplasia common anomaly of

Answer 12

• dogs and occasionally cats

- suspected inheritance in small breed dogs (yorkie, maltese, cairn terriers, tibetan spanials, shih-tzues, havanese)

Question 13

histological features of liver affected by congenital portal vein hypoplasia is indistinguishable from

Answer 13

• PSS (congenital portosystemic shunt)

Question 14

liver appearance if suffering from congenital portal vein hypoplasia

Answer 14

• micorpheptacia and ascites

Question 15

portal hypertension can occur with what

Answer 15

• thrombosis or other types of occlusion within portal vein or hepatic outflow

Question 16

presistent portal hypertension can lead to

Answer 16

• ascites and to development of acquired portosystemic shunts

Question 17

hepatocellular accumulations of lipid can occur with (5)

Answer 17

• excessive dietary intake of fats or carbohydrates
• increased mobilization of body fat
• hypoxia or mitochondrial damage
• increased glucose and insulin
• impaired secretion of lipoprotein

Question 18

gross lesions of hepatocellular accumulation of lipids

Answer 18

• diffusely swollen, yellowish, and greasy texture

- will float in formalin

Question 19

feline hepatic lipidosis occurs in

Answer 19

• obese cats after period of anorexia

Question 20

bovine fatty liver disease occurs when

Answer 20

• in dairy cows in late gestation or peak lactation

- especially after any period of inappetence or anorexia

Question 21

hepatic lipidosis of equids occurs in

Answer 21

• overweight, pregnant or lactating mares after a period of stress or anorexia

Question 22

glucose is normally stored within ____ as _____ and is present in large amounts after feeding

Answer 22

• hepatocytes

- glycogen

Question 23

glycogneosis occurs with what types of metabolic disturbances that affect glucose regulation (2)

Answer 23

• diabetes mellitus

- glycogen storage disease

Question 24

inherited or familial amyloidosis is reported in

Answer 24

• Shar-Pei dogs

- Abyssinian and Siameses cats

Question 25

gross appearance of hepatic amyloidosis

Answer 25

• glossly
• enlarged with rounded edges
• friable and pale

Question 26

histologic appearance of hepatic amyloidosis

Answer 26

• amyloid disposition within space of Disse, portal tracts and within and around blood vessels

Question 27

copper accumulation leads to

Answer 27

• production of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative injury to mitochondria and cellular membranes

Question 28

cooper storage is poorly regulated in what species

Answer 28

• sheep

Question 29

chronic copper accumulation in liver can lead to release of copper into the blood resulting in what

Answer 29

• hemolysis

Question 30

disorders of copper metabolism is common in what breed of dogs

Answer 30

• Bedlington terriers

- labs

Question 31

copper toxicosis occurs with (3)

Answer 31

• dietary excess
• pasture contamination
• metabolic disorders of copper metabolism (bedlington terriers)

Question 32

iron storage disease is known as

Answer 32

• hemochromatosis

- occurs mainly in birds

Question 33

bile accumulates in liver during ___ disease

Answer 33

• cholesteric

Question 34

lysosomal storage disease usually affects what age group of animals

Answer 34

• young