P35 - Alimentary Part 4 Flashcards
which part of the normal intestine has a short lifespan and high turnover rate
- crypt epithelial cells
which part of the normal intestine has receptors for IgA and IgM
- crypt epithelial cells
what part of the normal intestine secretes mucus
- goblet cells
neoplasms arising from enteroendocrine cells are termed
- intestinal carcinoid (rare tumor)
what is the largest lymphoid organ in the body
- gut
microfold (M) cells cover
- gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
microfold (M) cells function
- transfer of proteins and antigens from gut lumen to dendritic cells in GALT
what can happen as a result of bacteria and viruses passing through the M cells
- peyers patch necrosis
atresia
- abnormal embryonic development resulting in lack of an intestinal segment and abnormal closure of lumen
atresia ani
- failure of development of anus
atresia coli
- failure of development of colon
persistent Meckel’s diverticulum
- remnant of omphalomesenteric duct - vitelline duct (blind sac)
aganglionosis
- lack of nerve ganglion
congenital aganglionic megacolon common in and also known as
- white paint foals
- Overo lethal white syndrome
which nerve plexus has a lack of formation resulting in megacolom
- myenteric plexus
3 main types of intestinal obstruction
- intraluminal
- intramural
- extramural
intraluminal is obstruction
- within the lumen
enteroliths are an intraluminal obstruction of what and occurs in what animal
- composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate salts (struvite)
- arabian horses have increase incidences
intramural is obstruction
- within intestinal wall
extramural is obstruction
- outside the intestinal wall
how do pedunculated lipomas cause extramural obstruction
- larger lipomas have stalk that can twist around and entrap loops of intestine resulting in intestinal infraction, necrosis and severe colic
what 3 things can cause incarceration and strangulation intestinal displacement in the horse
- epiploic foramen entrapment
- mesenteric tears
- pedunculated lipomas
volvulus is twisting of intestine on its _____ axis
- mesenteric
torsion is rotation of tubular organ along its ____ axis
- long
volvulus and torsion is most common in what species
- horses due to long root of mesentery
renosplenic entrapment is displacement of
- left dorsal or left ventral colon dorsally and to the left
right dorsal displacement is of the
- left dorsal and ventral colon to the right of the cecum
intussusception
- invagination of one intestinal segment into adjacent segments
antemortem intussusception can differ from postmortem intussusception how
- antemortem - difficult to reduce with severe congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis
ileus is functional obstruction due to
- hypomotility
dysautonomia (grass sickness) is a specific type of ____ that can lead to ____
- ileus
- colic in the horse
what suspected toxin causes dysautonomia (grass sickness) in the horse
- clostridium botulinum type C
predisposed obstruction places in the horse GI (3)
- ileocecal valve
- pelvic flexure
- right dorsal colon to transverse colon
3 types of colic in the horse
- non-strangulating
- strangulating
- inflammatory
most commonly reported cause of protein-losing enteropathy in dogs
- lymphangiectasia (lacteal dilation)
congenital lymphangiectasia common in what breeds
- yorkies, rottweilers, norwegian lundehunds
- developmental disorder of lymphatic vessels
acquired lymphangiectasia is secondary to
- lymph obstruction caused by inflammatory or neoplastic disease
