P25 - Urinary Part 5 Flashcards
urolithiasis occurs due to an increase in
- precipitation of stone-forming salts
common types of crystals in animals (5)
- struvite
- bilirbuin
- calcium carbonate
- amorphous
- calcium oxalate dehydrate
what breed is predisposed to struvite crystals
- miniature schnauzers
what can promote struvite crystals
- alkaline urine
- UTI with urease-positive bacteria
calcium carbonate crystals are not observed in what species (2)
- canine or feline
what crystals occur in Dalmatians on allopurinol therapy for urate urolithiasis
- amorphous xanthine crystals
what breeds are predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis (calcium oxalate dehydrate crystals)
- miniature schnauzers
- Bishon Frise
uncommon types of crystals in animals (4)
- calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals
- ammonium biurate crystals
- cysteine crystals
- drug-associated crystals
crystal seen with ethylene glycol toxicosis
- calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals
acute renal failure and picket fence crystalluira is indicative of
- ethylene glycol toxicosis
crystals common in dogs and cats with congenital or acquired portal vascular anomalies
- ammonium biurate crystals
ammonium biurate crystals are seen in normal urine of what breeds (2)
- dalmatians
- bulldogs
acute cystitis is inflammation of what and what is the most common cause
- inflammation of urinary bladder
- bacterial infections is most common cause
toxic causes of acute cystits
- cantharidin toxicosis (blister beetles)
- bracken fern toxicosis
most common causes of chronic cystitis (2)
- chronic bacterial infection
- urolithiasis
gross lesions of chronic cystitis
- lymphofollicular hyperplasia
- polypoid hyperplasia
neoplasia of urinary system is most common
- in bladder and in older dogs
transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in
- trigone area
urinary disorders of the horse (6)
- bacterial embolic nephritis
- myoglobinuric nephritis
- papillary necrosis
- patent urachus
- klossiella equi infection
- cantharidin toxicosis
bacterial embolic nephritis is also known as and caused by
- suppurative glomerulitis
- actinobacillus equuli
myoglobinuric nephrosis occurs with
- acute muscle necrosis
papillary necrosis is caused by
- NSAID administration
- block prostaglandin production -> vasoconstriction, hypoxia and ischemia
urinary disorders of ruminants (10)
- oak toxicity
- pulpy kidney disease
- embolic nephritis
- tubulointerstitial nephritis
- granulomatous nephritis
- pyelonephritis
- renal lymphosarcoma
- urolithiasis
- bracken fern toxicosis
- renal amyloidosis
oak toxicity causes necrosis of what
- tubules
oak toxicity kidney appearance
- pale
- multifocal red spots
pulpy kidney frequently occurs with increased ____ in intestine
- carbohydrate
pulpy kidney disease caused by enteric overgrowth of
- clostridium perfringens type D -> produces epsilon toxin
embolic nephritis also known as
- white spotted kidney
embolic nephritis is initially characterized by what type of infiltration
- suppurative
tubulointerstitial nephritis is caused by ___ and casues direct damage to ___, ____, and ___
- leptospirosis
- endothelium, tubules and interstitium
granulomatous nephritis is caused by what toxicosis
- hairy vetch (is a legume)
granulomatous nephritis lesions of kidney
- multifocal eosinophilic to granulomatous lesions
contagious bovine pyelonephritis is caused by
- corynebacterium renale
renal lymphosarcoma can be associated with
- bovine leucosis virus (BLV)
renal lymphosarcoma lesions
- multiple bulging, soft to tan nodules in renal cortex
urolithiasis obstruction location in bulls and sheep/goats
- bulls - sigmoid flexure
- sheep/goats - urethral process
uroliths typically made of
- silica calculi -> high silica content of pasture grass
most common toxicosis of cattle
- bracken fern toxicosis
prolonged ingestion of bracken fern can cause (3)
- hemolysis
- damage to bone marrow
- immunosuppression
repeated low level exposure is carcinogenic and can cause
- transitional cell carcinoma
bracken fern toxicosis is also known as
- enzootic hematuria