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Pathology I > P25 - Urinary Part 5 > Flashcards

P25 - Urinary Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

urolithiasis occurs due to an increase in

A
  • precipitation of stone-forming salts
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2
Q

common types of crystals in animals (5)

A
  • struvite
  • bilirbuin
  • calcium carbonate
  • amorphous
  • calcium oxalate dehydrate
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3
Q

what breed is predisposed to struvite crystals

A
  • miniature schnauzers
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4
Q

what can promote struvite crystals

A
  • alkaline urine

- UTI with urease-positive bacteria

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5
Q

calcium carbonate crystals are not observed in what species (2)

A
  • canine or feline
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6
Q

what crystals occur in Dalmatians on allopurinol therapy for urate urolithiasis

A
  • amorphous xanthine crystals
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7
Q

what breeds are predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis (calcium oxalate dehydrate crystals)

A
  • miniature schnauzers

- Bishon Frise

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8
Q

uncommon types of crystals in animals (4)

A
  • calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals
  • ammonium biurate crystals
  • cysteine crystals
  • drug-associated crystals
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9
Q

crystal seen with ethylene glycol toxicosis

A
  • calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals
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10
Q

acute renal failure and picket fence crystalluira is indicative of

A
  • ethylene glycol toxicosis
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11
Q

crystals common in dogs and cats with congenital or acquired portal vascular anomalies

A
  • ammonium biurate crystals
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12
Q

ammonium biurate crystals are seen in normal urine of what breeds (2)

A
  • dalmatians

- bulldogs

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13
Q

acute cystitis is inflammation of what and what is the most common cause

A
  • inflammation of urinary bladder

- bacterial infections is most common cause

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14
Q

toxic causes of acute cystits

A
  • cantharidin toxicosis (blister beetles)

- bracken fern toxicosis

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15
Q

most common causes of chronic cystitis (2)

A
  • chronic bacterial infection

- urolithiasis

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16
Q

gross lesions of chronic cystitis

A
  • lymphofollicular hyperplasia

- polypoid hyperplasia

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17
Q

neoplasia of urinary system is most common

A
  • in bladder and in older dogs
18
Q

transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in

A
  • trigone area
19
Q

urinary disorders of the horse (6)

A
  • bacterial embolic nephritis
  • myoglobinuric nephritis
  • papillary necrosis
  • patent urachus
  • klossiella equi infection
  • cantharidin toxicosis
20
Q

bacterial embolic nephritis is also known as and caused by

A
  • suppurative glomerulitis

- actinobacillus equuli

21
Q

myoglobinuric nephrosis occurs with

A
  • acute muscle necrosis
22
Q

papillary necrosis is caused by

A
  • NSAID administration

- block prostaglandin production -> vasoconstriction, hypoxia and ischemia

23
Q

urinary disorders of ruminants (10)

A
  • oak toxicity
  • pulpy kidney disease
  • embolic nephritis
  • tubulointerstitial nephritis
  • granulomatous nephritis
  • pyelonephritis
  • renal lymphosarcoma
  • urolithiasis
  • bracken fern toxicosis
  • renal amyloidosis
24
Q

oak toxicity causes necrosis of what

A
  • tubules
25
Q

oak toxicity kidney appearance

A
  • pale

- multifocal red spots

26
Q

pulpy kidney frequently occurs with increased ____ in intestine

A
  • carbohydrate
27
Q

pulpy kidney disease caused by enteric overgrowth of

A
  • clostridium perfringens type D -> produces epsilon toxin
28
Q

embolic nephritis also known as

A
  • white spotted kidney
29
Q

embolic nephritis is initially characterized by what type of infiltration

A
  • suppurative
30
Q

tubulointerstitial nephritis is caused by ___ and casues direct damage to ___, ____, and ___

A
  • leptospirosis

- endothelium, tubules and interstitium

31
Q

granulomatous nephritis is caused by what toxicosis

A
  • hairy vetch (is a legume)
32
Q

granulomatous nephritis lesions of kidney

A
  • multifocal eosinophilic to granulomatous lesions
33
Q

contagious bovine pyelonephritis is caused by

A
  • corynebacterium renale
34
Q

renal lymphosarcoma can be associated with

A
  • bovine leucosis virus (BLV)
35
Q

renal lymphosarcoma lesions

A
  • multiple bulging, soft to tan nodules in renal cortex
36
Q

urolithiasis obstruction location in bulls and sheep/goats

A
  • bulls - sigmoid flexure

- sheep/goats - urethral process

37
Q

uroliths typically made of

A
  • silica calculi -> high silica content of pasture grass
38
Q

most common toxicosis of cattle

A
  • bracken fern toxicosis
39
Q

prolonged ingestion of bracken fern can cause (3)

A
  • hemolysis
  • damage to bone marrow
  • immunosuppression
40
Q

repeated low level exposure is carcinogenic and can cause

A
  • transitional cell carcinoma
41
Q

bracken fern toxicosis is also known as

A
  • enzootic hematuria

Pathology I (42 decks)

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