P12 - Inflammation Part 7 Flashcards
four overlapping categories controlling healing
- strength of stimuli for cell division and proliferation
- physiologic conditions
- mobility of tissue
- tissue type
factors behind strength of stimuli for cell division and proliferation
- has to be right cell type at right time and in right amount
- too little or too much division can be harmful
- support stimuli strength
what effects stimuli for cell division (4)
- oxygen and nutrients must reach site of injury for adequate division
- underlying hormonal imbalances can decrease cell division
- infection triggers continued immune response
- genetic abnormalities
how to support stimuli strength (4)
- ensure adequate perfusion in area of injury
- treat underlying hormonal imbalances
- exogenous administration of growth factors
- debride dead tissue
physiologic conditions that effect healing (6)
- age
- nutrition
- stress and endocrine factors
- blood supply
- infection
- temperature
vitamin C and protein effect synthesis of what
- collagen
steroids hinder repair of
- tissue
how to support patient physiology
- make animal husbandry a priority
categories of immunodeficiencies that can markedly impact host response to injury
- primary immunodeficiencies
- acquired immunodeficiencies
inherited defect, often breed predilection is what type of immunodeficiency
primary immunodeficiency
features of primary immunodeficiency (3)
- can involve innate and/or adaptive immunity
- results in reduced quality or duration of life
- diagnosis is difficult
types of primary immunodeficiencies (4)
- Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- canine cyclical neutropneia
- severe combined immunodeficiency
- hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia
Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:
- signalment
- mechanism
- holstein calves
- autosomal recessive mutation in gene that codes for integrin (CD18)
Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:
- clinical signs
- severe ulcers on oral mucosal, periodontitis, loss of teeth, chronic pneumonia, recurrent or chronic diarrhea
- areas exposed more to environment make it easier for opportunistic infections
Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:
- diagnosis
- treatment
- genetic testing for mutations in CD18 gene
- none, die at early age
Canine cyclical neutropenia also known as
- grey collie syndrome
Canine cyclical neutropenia:
- signalment
- rough and smooth coated collies that have typical diluted coat color
canine cyclical neutropenia:
- mechanism
- autosomal recessive mutation
- cyclic lack of response of bone-marrow to growth factors at 11 & 14 days
- all white blood cells affected (most pronounced in neutrophils)
canine cyclical neutropenia:
- clinical signs
- recurrent bacterial septicemia, fever, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, amyloidosis
- most puppies die soon after birth
- survivors are stunted and weak
canine cyclical neutropenia:
- diagnosis
- presentation and repeated complete blood counts
- DNA test for autorecessive gene
canine cyclical neutropenia:
- treatment
- bone marrow transfusion is curative
- bone marrow stimulants
different forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
2
- Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice
- basset hounds and welsh corgis
Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:
- mechanism
- autosomal recessive trait causing mutation in DNA-kinase needed for DNA rejoining events in lymphocyte receptors
Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:
- clinical signs
- initially appear normal but typically die from opportunistic infection within 4-6 months
Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:
- diagnosis
- low lymphocytes of CBC < 1,000 cells/mL
- agammaglobulinemia
- lymphoid hypoplasia in thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:
- treatment
- none
Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:
- signalment
- male associated disease with females as carriers
Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:
- mechanism
- mutilocus genetic mutation in certain cytokine receptors
- IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-15R
importance of IL-2R
- needed in activation of mononuclear cells
Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:
- clinical signs
- recurring infections mostly due to lack of T-cell response
- B-cells produce low IgG, no IgA and normal IgM
Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:
- diagnosis
- no genetic test because of multi-locus nature of mutation
Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:
- treatment
- gene therapy and bone marrow transplantation
hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:
- signalment
- birman cats and inbred mice
hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:
- mechanism
- autorecessive mutation in FOXN1 gene
- inhibition of protein important for hair and thymic development
- no production of T-lymphocytes
hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:
- clinical signs
- thymic aplasia
- lack of cell mediated immune response
hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:
- diagnosis
- genetic testing for FOXN1 deletion
hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:
- treatment
- none known
immunodeficiency that is associated with extrinsic etiology
- acquired immunodeficiencies
acquired immunodeficiencies from a variety of causes (4)
- viral infections
- toxins
- age
- failure of passive transfer
