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Pathology I > P12 - Inflammation Part 7 > Flashcards

P12 - Inflammation Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

four overlapping categories controlling healing

A
  • strength of stimuli for cell division and proliferation
  • physiologic conditions
  • mobility of tissue
  • tissue type
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2
Q

factors behind strength of stimuli for cell division and proliferation

A
  • has to be right cell type at right time and in right amount
  • too little or too much division can be harmful
  • support stimuli strength
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3
Q

what effects stimuli for cell division (4)

A
  • oxygen and nutrients must reach site of injury for adequate division
  • underlying hormonal imbalances can decrease cell division
  • infection triggers continued immune response
  • genetic abnormalities
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4
Q

how to support stimuli strength (4)

A
  • ensure adequate perfusion in area of injury
  • treat underlying hormonal imbalances
  • exogenous administration of growth factors
  • debride dead tissue
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5
Q

physiologic conditions that effect healing (6)

A
  • age
  • nutrition
  • stress and endocrine factors
  • blood supply
  • infection
  • temperature
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6
Q

vitamin C and protein effect synthesis of what

A
  • collagen
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7
Q

steroids hinder repair of

A
  • tissue
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8
Q

how to support patient physiology

A
  • make animal husbandry a priority
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9
Q

categories of immunodeficiencies that can markedly impact host response to injury

A
  • primary immunodeficiencies

- acquired immunodeficiencies

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10
Q

inherited defect, often breed predilection is what type of immunodeficiency

A

primary immunodeficiency

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11
Q

features of primary immunodeficiency (3)

A
  • can involve innate and/or adaptive immunity
  • results in reduced quality or duration of life
  • diagnosis is difficult
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12
Q

types of primary immunodeficiencies (4)

A
  • Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency
  • canine cyclical neutropneia
  • severe combined immunodeficiency
  • hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia
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13
Q

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:

  • signalment
  • mechanism
A
  • holstein calves

- autosomal recessive mutation in gene that codes for integrin (CD18)

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14
Q

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:

- clinical signs

A
  • severe ulcers on oral mucosal, periodontitis, loss of teeth, chronic pneumonia, recurrent or chronic diarrhea
  • areas exposed more to environment make it easier for opportunistic infections
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15
Q

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency:

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A
  • genetic testing for mutations in CD18 gene

- none, die at early age

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16
Q

Canine cyclical neutropenia also known as

A
  • grey collie syndrome
17
Q

Canine cyclical neutropenia:

- signalment

A
  • rough and smooth coated collies that have typical diluted coat color
18
Q

canine cyclical neutropenia:

- mechanism

A
  • autosomal recessive mutation
  • cyclic lack of response of bone-marrow to growth factors at 11 & 14 days
  • all white blood cells affected (most pronounced in neutrophils)
19
Q

canine cyclical neutropenia:

- clinical signs

A
  • recurrent bacterial septicemia, fever, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, amyloidosis
  • most puppies die soon after birth
  • survivors are stunted and weak
20
Q

canine cyclical neutropenia:

- diagnosis

A
  • presentation and repeated complete blood counts

- DNA test for autorecessive gene

21
Q

canine cyclical neutropenia:

- treatment

A
  • bone marrow transfusion is curative

- bone marrow stimulants

22
Q

different forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

2

A
  • Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice

- basset hounds and welsh corgis

23
Q

Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:

- mechanism

A
  • autosomal recessive trait causing mutation in DNA-kinase needed for DNA rejoining events in lymphocyte receptors
24
Q

Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:

- clinical signs

A
  • initially appear normal but typically die from opportunistic infection within 4-6 months
25
Q

Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:

- diagnosis

A
  • low lymphocytes of CBC < 1,000 cells/mL
  • agammaglobulinemia
  • lymphoid hypoplasia in thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
26
Q

Arabian horses, jack russell terriers, mice form of SCID:

- treatment

A
  • none
27
Q

Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:

- signalment

A
  • male associated disease with females as carriers
28
Q

Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:

- mechanism

A
  • mutilocus genetic mutation in certain cytokine receptors

- IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-15R

29
Q

importance of IL-2R

A
  • needed in activation of mononuclear cells
30
Q

Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:

- clinical signs

A
  • recurring infections mostly due to lack of T-cell response
  • B-cells produce low IgG, no IgA and normal IgM
31
Q

Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:

- diagnosis

A
  • no genetic test because of multi-locus nature of mutation
32
Q

Basset hound and welsh corgis form of SCID:

- treatment

A
  • gene therapy and bone marrow transplantation
33
Q

hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:

- signalment

A
  • birman cats and inbred mice
34
Q

hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:

- mechanism

A
  • autorecessive mutation in FOXN1 gene
  • inhibition of protein important for hair and thymic development
  • no production of T-lymphocytes
35
Q

hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:

- clinical signs

A
  • thymic aplasia

- lack of cell mediated immune response

36
Q

hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:

- diagnosis

A
  • genetic testing for FOXN1 deletion
37
Q

hypotrichosis with thymic aplasia:

- treatment

A
  • none known
38
Q

immunodeficiency that is associated with extrinsic etiology

A
  • acquired immunodeficiencies
39
Q

acquired immunodeficiencies from a variety of causes (4)

A
  • viral infections
  • toxins
  • age
  • failure of passive transfer

Pathology I (42 decks)

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